| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS | REGISTER |
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
RESEARCH PAPER |
Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Institute for Health Policy Studies, Cardiovascular Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
Correspondence to:
Stanton A Glantz, PhD, Box 0103, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0130, USA;
glantz{at}medicine.ucsf.edu
Objective: To describe how the tobacco industry used the "accommodation" message to mount an aggressive and effective worldwide campaign to recruit hospitality associations, such as restaurant associations, to serve as the tobacco industry's surrogate in fighting against smoke-free environments.
Methods: We analysed tobacco industry documents publicly available on the internet as a result of litigation in the USA. Documents were accessed between January and November 2001.
Results: The tobacco industry, led by Philip Morris, made financial contributions to existing hospitality associations or, when it did not find an association willing to work for tobacco interests, created its own "association" in order to prevent the growth of smoke-free environments. The industry also used hospitality associations as a vehicle for programmes promoting "accommodation" of smokers and non-smokers, which ignore the health risks of second hand smoke for employees and patrons of hospitality venues.
Conclusion: Through the myth of lost profits, the tobacco industry has fooled the hospitality industry into embracing expensive ventilation equipment, while in reality 100% smoke-free laws have been shown to have no effect on business revenues, or even to improve them. The tobacco industry has effectively turned the hospitality industry into its de facto lobbying arm on clean indoor air. Public health advocates need to understand that, with rare exceptions, when they talk to organised restaurant associations they are effectively talking to the tobacco industry and must act accordingly.
Keywords: restaurants; accommodation; hospitality industry; tobacco industry; second hand smoke
Abbreviations: BHRA, Beverly Hills Restaurant Association,; HORECA, International Association of Hotels, Restaurants and Cafes,; IHA International Hotel Association; IH&RA, International Hotel and Restaurant Association; PM, Philip Morris
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C. Dresler, M. J. Cherry, and R. M. Sade A Clash of Rights: Should Smoking Tobacco Products in Public Places be Legally Banned? Ann. Thorac. Surg., September 1, 2008; 86(3): 699 - 707. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C A Pritsos, K L Pritsos, and K E Spears Smoking rates among gamblers at Nevada casinos mirror US smoking rate Tob. Control, April 1, 2008; 17(2): 82 - 85. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. K. Rayens, E. J. Hahn, R. E. Langley, S. Hedgecock, K. M. Butler, and L. Greathouse-Maggio Public Opinion and Smoke-Free Laws Policy Politics Nursing Practice, November 1, 2007; 8(4): 262 - 270. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M Sebrie and S. A Glantz "Accommodating" smoke-free policies: tobacco industry's Courtesy of Choice programme in Latin America Tob. Control, October 1, 2007; 16(5): e6 - e6. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L Schmitt, A. M Malarcher, P. I Clark, J. M Bombard, W. Strauss, and F. A Stillman Community guide recommendations and state level tobacco control programmes: 1999 2004 Tob. Control, October 1, 2007; 16(5): 318 - 324. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. L. York and E. J. Hahn The Community Readiness Model: Evaluating Local Smoke-Free Policy Development Policy Politics Nursing Practice, August 1, 2007; 8(3): 184 - 200. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. M. Sebrie and S. A. Glantz Attempts to Undermine Tobacco Control: Tobacco Industry "Youth Smoking Prevention" Programs to Undermine Meaningful Tobacco Control in Latin America Am J Public Health, August 1, 2007; 97(8): 1357 - 1367. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Alamar and S. A. Glantz Effect of Smoke-Free Laws on Bar Value and Profits Am J Public Health, August 1, 2007; 97(8): 1400 - 1402. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. K. Ibrahim and S. A. Glantz The Rise and Fall of Tobacco Control Media Campaigns, 1967 2006 Am J Public Health, August 1, 2007; 97(8): 1383 - 1396. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. A. Smith 'It's interesting how few people die from smoking': Tobacco industry efforts to minimize risk and discredit health promotion Eur J Public Health, April 1, 2007; 17(2): 162 - 170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A Glantz Commentary: Assessing the effects of the Scottish Smokefree Law--the placebo effect and the importance of obtaining unbiased data Int. J. Epidemiol., February 1, 2007; 36(1): 155 - 156. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P A McDaniel, E A Smith, and R E Malone Philip Morris's Project Sunrise: weakening tobacco control by working with it Tob. Control, June 1, 2006; 15(3): 215 - 223. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. J. Hedley, S. M. McGhee, J. L. Repace, L.-C. Wong, M. Y. S. Yu, T.-W. Wong, and T.-H. Lam Risks for Heart Disease and Lung Cancer from Passive Smoking by Workers in the Catering Industry Toxicol. Sci., April 1, 2006; 90(2): 539 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A Bornhauser, J McCarthy, and S A Glantz German tobacco industry's successful efforts to maintain scientific and political respectability to prevent regulation of secondhand smoke. Tob. Control, April 1, 2006; 15(2): e1 - e1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E M Sebrie, J Barnoya, E J Perez-Stable, and S A Glantz Tobacco industry successfully prevented tobacco control legislation in Argentina Tob. Control, October 1, 2005; 14(5): e2 - e2. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P M Ling and S A Glantz Tobacco industry consumer research on socially acceptable cigarettes Tob. Control, October 1, 2005; 14(5): e3 - e3. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Champion and S. Chapman Framing pub smoking bans: an analysis of Australian print news media coverage, March 1996-March 2003 J. Epidemiol. Community Health, August 1, 2005; 59(8): 679 - 684. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. W. Greathouse, E. J. Hahn, C. T. C. Okoli, T. A. Warnick, and C. A. Riker Passing a Smoke-Free Law in a Pro-Tobacco Culture: A Multiple Streams Approach Policy Politics Nursing Practice, August 1, 2005; 6(3): 211 - 220. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Barnoya, S. A. Bialous, and S. A. Glantz Effective Interventions to Reduce Smoking-Induced Heart Disease Around the World: Time to Act Circulation, July 26, 2005; 112(4): 456 - 458. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F Howell Smoke-free bars in Ireland: a runaway success Tob. Control, April 1, 2005; 14(2): 73 - 74. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Pan, E. M. Barbeau, C. Levenstein, and E. D. Balbach Smoke-Free Airlines and the Role of Organized Labor: A Case Study Am J Public Health, March 1, 2005; 95(3): 398 - 404. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L L Mandel, B C Alamar, and S A Glantz Smoke-free law did not affect revenue from gaming in Delaware Tob. Control, February 1, 2005; 14(1): 10 - 12. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H T Hiilamo Tobacco control implications of the first European product liability suit Tob. Control, February 1, 2005; 14(1): 22 - 30. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P Pilkington and A B Gilmore The Living Tomorrow Project: how Philip Morris has used a Belgian tourist attraction to promote ventilation approaches to the control of second hand smoke Tob. Control, December 1, 2004; 13(4): 375 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E K Tong and S A Glantz ARTIST (Asian regional tobacco industry scientist team): Philip Morris' attempt to exert a scientific and regulatory agenda on Asia Tob. Control, December 1, 2004; 13(suppl_2): ii118 - ii124. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J K Ibrahim, T H Tsoukalas, and S A Glantz Public health foundations and the tobacco industry: lessons from Minnesota Tob. Control, September 1, 2004; 13(3): 228 - 236. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L L Mandel and S A Glantz Hedging their bets: tobacco and gambling industries work against smoke-free policies Tob. Control, September 1, 2004; 13(3): 268 - 276. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S Chapman "Half-pregnant" occupational health policy on environmental tobacco smoke Occup. Environ. Med., May 1, 2004; 61(5): 383 - 384. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M L Nixon, L Mahmoud, and S A Glantz Tobacco industry litigation to deter local public health ordinances: the industry usually loses in court Tob. Control, March 1, 2004; 13(1): 65 - 73. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K Neilsen and S A Glantz A tobacco industry study of airline cabin air quality: dropping inconvenient findings Tob. Control, March 1, 2004; 13(90001): i20 - 29. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Drope, S A Bialous, and S A Glantz Tobacco industry efforts to present ventilation as an alternative to smoke-free environments in North America Tob. Control, March 1, 2004; 13(90001): i41 - 47. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Givel and S. A. Glantz The "Global Settlement" With the Tobacco Industry: 6 Years Later Am J Public Health, February 1, 2004; 94(2): 218 - 224. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H Hiilamo Tobacco industry strategy to undermine tobacco control in Finland Tob. Control, December 1, 2003; 12(4): 414 - 423. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L Trotter and S Chapman "Conclusions about exposure to ETS and health that will be unhelpful to us": How the tobacco industry attempted to delay and discredit the 1997 Australian National Health and Medical Research Council report on passive smoking Tob. Control, December 1, 2003; 12(90003): iii102 - 106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J Drope and S Glantz British Columbia capital regional district 100% smokefree bylaw: a successful public health campaign despite industry opposition Tob. Control, September 1, 2003; 12(3): 264 - 268. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N Kunzli, P Mazzoletti, M Adam, T Gotschi, P Mathys, C Monn, and O Brandli Smoke-free cafe in an unregulated European city: highly welcomed and economically successful Tob. Control, September 1, 2003; 12(3): 282 - 288. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Siegel and M Skeer Exposure to secondhand smoke and excess lung cancer mortality risk among workers in the "5 B's": bars, bowling alleys, billiard halls, betting establishments, and bingo parlours Tob. Control, September 1, 2003; 12(3): 333 - 338. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Tsoukalas and S. A. Glantz The Duluth Clean Indoor Air Ordinance: Problems and Success in Fighting the Tobacco Industry at the Local Level in the 21st Century Am J Public Health, August 1, 2003; 93(8): 1214 - 1221. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S A. Bialous and S A Glantz ASHRAE Standard 62: tobacco industry's influence over national ventilation standards Tob. Control, December 1, 2002; 11(4): 315 - 328. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS | REGISTER |
