RESEARCH PAPER

Development of a model of the tobacco industry’s interference with tobacco control programmes

W M K Trochim¹, F A Stillman², P I Clark³ and C L Schmitt³

¹ Department of Policy Analysis & Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
² Institute of Global Tobacco Control, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
³ Battelle Memorial Institute, Centers for Public Health Research and Evaluation, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
William M Trochim, 249 MVR Hall, Department of Policy Analysis & Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
wmt1{at}cornell.edu

Objective: To construct a conceptual model of tobacco industry tactics to undermine tobacco control programmes for the purposes of: (1) developing measures to evaluate industry tactics, (2) improving tobacco control planning, and (3) supplementing current or future frameworks used to classify and analyse tobacco industry documents.

Design: Web based concept mapping was conducted, including expert brainstorming, sorting, and rating of statements describing industry tactics. Statistical analyses used multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis. Interpretation of the resulting maps was accomplished by an expert panel during a face-to-face meeting.

Subjects: 34 experts, selected because of their previous encounters with industry resistance or because of their research into industry tactics, took part in some or all phases of the project.

Results: Maps with eight non-overlapping clusters in two dimensional space were developed, with importance ratings of the statements and clusters. Cluster and quadrant labels were agreed upon by the experts.

Conclusions: The conceptual maps summarise the tactics used by the industry and their relationships to each other, and suggest a possible hierarchy for measures that can be used in statistical modelling of industry tactics and for review of industry documents. Finally, the maps enable hypothesis of a likely progression of industry reactions as public health programmes become more successful, and therefore more threatening to industry profits.

Keywords: tobacco industry tactics; concept mapping; tobacco control programmes

Abbreviations: ASSIST, American Stop Smoking Intervention Study; MDS, multidimensional scaling; UCSF/ANRF, University of California San Francisco/American Nonsmokers Rights Foundation

CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

• Landman, A., Glantz, S. A. (2009). Tobacco Industry Efforts to Undermine Policy-Relevant Research. Am. J. Public Health 99: 45-58 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Stillman, F, Hoang, M, Linton, R, Ritthiphakdee, B, Trochim, W (2008). Mapping tobacco industry strategies in South East Asia for action planning and surveillance. Tobacco Control 17: e1-e1 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Vishwanath, A., Scamurra, S. D. (2007). Barriers to the adoption of electronic health records: using concept mapping to develop a comprehensive empirical model. Health Informatics Journal 13: 119-134 [Abstract]  
• Loomis, B R, Farrelly, M C, Nonnemaker, J M, Mann, N H (2006). Point of purchase cigarette promotions before and after the Master Settlement Agreement: exploring retail scanner data.. Tobacco Control 15: 140-142 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Trochim, W. M., Cabrera, D. A., Milstein, B., Gallagher, R. S., Leischow, S. J. (2006). Practical Challenges of Systems Thinking and Modeling in Public Health. Am. J. Public Health 96: 538-546 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
• Burke, J. G., O'Campo, P., Peak, G. L., Gielen, A. C., McDonnell, K. A., Trochim, W. M. K. (2005). An Introduction to Concept Mapping as a Participatory Public Health Research Method. Qual Health Res 15: 1392-1410 [Abstract]  
• Donnelly, J. P., Huff, S. M., Lindsey, M. L., McMahon, K. A., Schumacher, J. D. (2005). The needs of children with life-limiting conditions: A healthcare-provider-based model. AM J HOSP PALLIAT CARE 22: 259-267 [Abstract]  
• Austin-Lane, J., Girasek, D. C., Barbour, G. L. (2004). A Qualitative Study of Post-Settlement Influences on State Tobacco Control Funding. Health Promot Pract 5: 46S-56S [Abstract]  
• Cruz, T. B. (2004). The Shifting Terrain of Tobacco Advertising Since the Master Settlement Agreement. Health Promot Pract 5: 64S-65S  
• Yampolskaya, S., Nesman, T. M., Hernandez, M., Koch, D. (2004). Using Concept Mapping to Develop a Logic Model and Articulate a Program Theory: A Case Example. American Journal of Evaluation 25: 191-207 [Abstract]  
• Stillman, F. A., Hartman, A. M., Graubard, B. I., Gilpin, E. A., Murray, D. M., Gibson, J. T. (2003). Evaluation of the American Stop Smoking Intervention Study (ASSIST): A Report of Outcomes. JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst 95: 1681-1691 [Abstract] [Full Text]