HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS REGISTER		Author Keyword(s) Vol Page [Advanced]

This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a response Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this link to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Add article to my folders Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Samet, J M Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Samet, J M

Adverse effects of smoke exposure on the upper airway

Correspondence to:
Professor Jonathan M Samet
Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Suite W6041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; jsamet{at}jhsph.edu

Objective: This paper reviews secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and diseases and symptoms of the upper airway, including the sinuses. Risks to flight attendants, who were occupationally exposed until smoking was banned on all flights, are emphasised.

Data sources: A systematic database search was conducted; the US Surgeon General’s reports and other major reviews were evaluated. Literature summarised by National Research Council (NRC) reports on the airline cabin environment are included.

Study selection: A limited number of research publications on adults were identified; these are included. Many studies cited by the NRC were never published and information is taken directly from the reports.

Data extraction: Data from observational studies of cabin crews and the general public were extracted from surveys; exposure monitoring of cabin crews is reported. Data from controlled exposure studies are included; most are challenge studies using volunteers screened for sensitivity to SHS.

Data synthesis: Evidence shows that active and passive smoking cause upper airway diseases, including sinonasal and laryngeal cancers in adult active smokers. Experimental studies indicate that brief exposures to SHS result in nasal mucosa inflammation. However, direct evidence on sinusitis is limited.

Conclusions: Evidence does not show a strong connection between active smoking and sinusitis, and active smokers have substantial exposures to SHS. However, extrapolation of these studies to cabin crews needs to be cautious, as other environmental conditions may increase risk for upper airway disease and symptoms. Surveys of cabin crews, while flawed, consistently indicate high rates of upper airway symptoms.

Abbreviations: CO, carbon monoxide; MS, mainstream smoke; SHS, secondhand smoke; SS, sidestream smoke

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J B Richmond, D M Burns, and K M Cummings Public health and the power of individual action Tob. Control, March 1, 2004; 13(90001): i1 - 2. [Full Text] [PDF]