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RESEARCH PAPER |
1 From the Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
2 Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
3 CNU Associates, Lincoln, Massachusetts, USA
4 Social and Behavioral Sciences Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
5 Center for Survey Research, University of Massachusetts Boston all in Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Correspondence to:
Dr N A Rigotti
Tobacco Research and Treatment Center, 50 Staniford Street, 9th Floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA; nrigotti{at}partners.org
Objective: To test whether community-level restrictions on youth access to tobacco (including both ordinances and enforcement) are associated with less smoking initiation or less progression to established smoking among adolescents.
Design: Prospective cohort study of a random sample of adolescents in Massachusetts whose smoking status was assessed by telephone interviews at baseline and 2-year follow-up, and linked to a state-wide database of town-level youth-access ordinances and enforcement practices.
Participants: A random sample of 2623 adolescents aged 1217 years who lived in 295 towns in Massachusetts in 20012 and were followed in 20034.
Main outcome measures: The relationship between the strength of local youth access restrictions (including both ordinances and level of enforcement) and (1) never-smokers smoking initiation rates and (2) experimenters rate of progression to established smoking was tested in a multilevel analysis that accounted for town-level clustering and adjusted for potential individual, household and town-level confounders.
Results: Over 2 years, 21% of 1986 never-smokers initiated smoking and 25% of 518 experimenters became established smokers. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for smoking initiation was 0.89 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.31) for strong versus weak youth-access policies and 0.93 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.29) for medium versus weak policies. The adjusted OR for progression to established smoking among adolescents who had experimented with smoking was 0.79 (95% CI 0.45 to 1.39) for strong versus weak local smoking restrictions and 0.85 (95% CI 0.50 to 1.45) for medium versus weak restrictions.
Conclusions: This prospective cohort study found no association between community-level youth-access restrictions and adolescents rate of smoking initiation or progression to established smoking over 2 years.
Abbreviations: MTCP, Massachusetts Tobacco-Control Program
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