RESEARCH PAPER
The California Tobacco Control Programs effect on adult smokers: (3) Similar effects for African Americans across states
Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr J P Pierce
Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 3855 Health Sciences Drive, 0901, La Jolla, California 920930901, USA; jppierce{at}ucsd.edu
Objective: To compare trends in African-American (AA) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) smoking between states categorised as having three different levels of tobacco control practice in the 1990s.
Setting and participants: Analysis of 19923 to 20012 Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey for differences in adult (2064 years) daily smoking prevalence for AAs and NHWs across states: California (CA; high cigarette price/comprehensive programme), New York (NY) and New Jersey (NJ; high cigarette price/no comprehensive programme), and tobacco growing states (TGS; low cigarette price/no comprehensive programme).
Results: From 19923 to 20012, there were large declines in AA smoking across states (2.73.8% decrease/year, adjusted for age, income, education, gender; p<0.05). Adjusted NHW smoking prevalence declined significantly only in CA. AA prevalence declined significantly and did not differ across state groups. In all years, in all state groups, adjusted prevalence was either not significantly different or was lower for AAs than for NHWs. More recent cohorts of AAs appeared to have taken up smoking at lower rates than older cohorts.
Conclusion: There were uniformly large declines in AA smoking from 19923 to 20012 across states, independent of type of tobacco control strategy. Further research is needed into factors associated with smoking declines among AAs.
Abbreviations: AA, African-American; CPS, Current Population Survey; NHW, non-Hispanic white; TGS, tobacco-growing states; TUS, Tobacco Use Supplements; TUSCPS, Tobacco Use Supplements to the Current Population Survey
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