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a Department of Health
Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health,
Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA, b RAND, Santa Monica, California, USA
Correspondence to: Dr Paula M Lantz, Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 109 Observatory, Room M3116, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA; plantz{at}umich.edu.
Received 25 April 1999; Revision received 6 September 1999;
Accepted 14 October 1999
OBJECTIVE
To provide a
comprehensive review of interventions and policies aimed at reducing
youth cigarette smoking in the United States, including strategies that
have undergone evaluation and emerging innovations that have not yet
been assessed for efficacy.
DATA SOURCESMedline
literature searches, books, reports, electronic list servers, and
interviews with tobacco control advocates.
DATA
SYNTHESISInterventions and policy approaches that
have been assessed or evaluated were categorised using a typology with
seven categories (school based, community interventions, mass
media/public education, advertising restrictions, youth access
restrictions, tobacco excise taxes, and direct restrictions on
smoking). Novel and largely untested interventions were described using
nine categories.
CONCLUSIONSYouth
smoking prevention and control efforts have had mixed results. However,
this review suggests a number of prevention strategies that are
promising, especially if conducted in a coordinated way to take
advantage of potential synergies across interventions. Several types of
strategies warrant additional attention and evaluation, including
aggressive media campaigns, teen smoking cessation programmes, social
environment changes, community interventions, and increasing cigarette
prices. A significant proportion of the resources obtained from the
recent settlement between 46 US states and the tobacco industry should
be devoted to expanding, improving and evaluating "youth centred"
tobacco prevention and control activities.
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