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Tobacco Control 2000;9:327-333; doi:10.1136/tc.9.3.327
Copyright © 2000 by the BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.
Tob Control 2000;9:327-333 ( Autumn )

Randomised trial investigating effect of a novel nicotine delivery device (Eclipse) and a nicotine oral inhaler on smoking behaviour, nicotine and carbon monoxide exposure, and motivation to quit

Karl O Fagerströma, John R Hughesb, Thomas Rasmussenc, Peter W Callasd

a Smokers Information Center and Fagerstrom Consulting, Helsingborg, Sweden, b Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA, c Biostatistics and Data Management, Pharmacia & Upjohn Consumer Healthcare, Helsingborg, d Biometry Facility, College of Medicine, University of Vermont

Correspondence to: Karl O Fagerström, PhD, Smokers Information Center and Fagerstrom Consulting, Berga Alle 1, 25452 Helsingborg, Sweden; karl.fagerstrom{at}swipnet.se

Received 7 December 1999; Revision received 2 May 2000; Accepted 31 May 2000.

OBJECTIVE---To monitor the effect of a novel nicotine delivery device that may produce fewer carcinogens (Eclipse) on cigarette smoking, carbon monoxide and nicotine concentrations, and motivation to give up smoking. The smoker's own brand of cigarette and a nicotine replacement product (Nicotrol inhaler) were used as comparisons.
DESIGN---After baseline data were recorded, smokers were randomised to either Eclipse or inhaler for two weeks and then switched to the other product for another two weeks. Thereafter a second baseline was obtained.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS--- Fifty smokers were included and data are reported for the 40 with complete data sets. The smokers were not trying to quit but were interested in trying a new product to reduce their risk. They visited a smoking clinic 10 times during the six week period of the trial.
INTERVENTION---No counselling to aid reduction by Eclipse or inhaler was given.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES---At each visit smoking status and carbon monoxide concentrations were recorded. In half of the visits withdrawal symptoms, attitudes towards smoking, heart rate, and blood nicotine concentrations were also recorded.
RESULTS---Eclipse use decreased the number of cigarettes smoked per day (cpd) from 19.1 cpd at baseline to 2.1 cpd (p < 0.001), but increased carbon monoxide concentrations in parts per million (ppm) from 21.0 ppm to 33.0 ppm (p < 0.001). A similar decrease in cigarettes smoked per day was seen with the Nicotrol inhaler, from 19.1 cpd to 4.8 cpd (p < 0.001), but carbon monoxide decreased from 21.0 ppm to 12.7 ppm (p < 0.001). The blood nicotine concentration remained fairly stable with Eclipse, increasing slightly from 16.8 ng/ml to 18.0 ng/ml, while for the inhaler a significant drop was noted, from 16.8 ng/ml to 12.2 ng/ml (p < 0.002). Craving and withdrawal did not increase with Eclipse. Few significant adverse events occurred with Eclipse.
CONCLUSIONS---Eclipse can dramatically decrease cigarette consumption without causing withdrawal symptoms or decreases in nicotine concentrations or motivation to quit altogether. Unlike the inhaler, Eclipse produces an increase in carbon monoxide concentration. Thus Eclipse may not be a safer cigarette.


Keywords: tobacco; nicotine; harm reduction; nicotine replacement

© 2000 by Tobacco Control
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