The process of pregnancy smoking cessation: implications for interventions
Carlo C DiClementea, Patricia Dolan-Mullenb, Richard A Windsorc
a University of
Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, b Centre for Health Promotion Research
and Prevention, University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center,
School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA, c University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Correspondence to: Carlo C DiClemente, PhD, Psychology Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; diclemen{at}umbc.edu
Received 20 January
2000; Revision received 28 March 2000;
Accepted 5 April 2000
OBJECTIVE
There is a
growing body of knowledge about the pregnant smoker and what happens as
she goes through the pregnancy and postpartum periods. This article
reviews the process of smoking cessation in the context of pregnancy.
DATA
SOURCESEpidemiological data, extant reviews of
the literature, and current original research reports are used to
examine characteristics of the women and of the change process for
those women smokers who quit, stop, or modify their smoking during
pregnancy and the postpartum period.
DATA SYNTHESISAn
analysis of the interaction of the process of smoking cessation with
pregnancy was conducted to gain insight into the unique problems faced
by the pregnant smoker and discover directions for intervention.
CONCLUSIONSPregnancy
and the postpartum period provide a window of opportunity to promote
smoking cessation and smoke free families. Understanding obstacles and
pathways for pregnancy and postpartum smoking cessation can guide
implementation of effective existing programs and development of new
ones. Recommendations include promoting cessation before and at the
beginning of pregnancy, increasing delivery of treatment early in
pregnancy, helping spontaneous and intervention assisted quitters to
remain tobacco free postpartum, aiding late pregnancy smokers, and
involving the partner of the woman smoker.
Keywords: pregnancy; smoking; process of change; relapse
© 2000 by Tobacco Control
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