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John Slade
Department
of Environmental and Community Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School of the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New
Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
Correspondence to: Program in Addictions, 317 George Street, Suite 201, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA; jdslade@ix.netcom.com
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Joe and his cartoon-character friends began populating advertisements for the Camel brand in the United States in 1988 and continued doing so for the next decade (figure 1). As described in a fawning retrospective produced for RJ Reynolds: "Between 1988 and 1997, the Joe Camel campaign was one of the most recognized ad campaigns in America, and that was due largely to its fans, devotees of Joe who appreciated the wit and irreverence he personified."1
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The campaign also was among the most notorious. Beginning in December
1991, a number of researchers called attention to the way the Joe Camel
character was attractive to young people.2-4 Concerns
about the youth appeal of the campaign led to calls by public health
and medical leaders for Reynolds to withdraw it, to a private lawsuit
in California (which the company eventually settled),5 6
and to a suit by the United States Federal Trade Commission (which was
withdrawn in
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