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a Public Health
Sciences, Department of Community Health Sciences, Medical School,
University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK, b National Institute of Public
Health, Sweden, c President, International Network of
Women Against Tobacco (INWAT)
Correspondence to: A Amos amand.amos@ed.ac.uk
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Introduction |
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When the Irish born American femme fatale Lola Montez had her
photograph taken at a Boston studio in 1851, neither she nor anyone
else could foresee the future symbolic value of the cigarette as a sign
of emancipation for women and the tragic development that we are now
facing with women as the next wave of the tobacco epidemic. With the
dress and hairstyle that she was wearing in the photograph Lola Montez
could have passed for a lady, if it wasn't for the cigarette which
stood out so effectively against her black gloved hand (fig 1). Used
as the focal point of this picture, the cigarette was intended
to be provocative. Ladies in 1851 did not smoke, and the very notion
that women and girls might be experimenting with cigarettes was
certainly not acknowledged publicly. Indeed smoking by women in North
America and Europe had long
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