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Erratum to Mandel, L; BC Alamar; and SA Glantz. Smokefree Law did not affect revenue from gaming in Delaware. Tobacco Control 14 (2005), 10-12.
The results in the original publication reflect a data entry error. The revised table in this erratum present the results with this error corrected. Using the corrected data, White's test for heteroskedasticity rejected homoskedasticity (p = 0.016) in the case of total revenues. We corrected for the heteroskedasticity in total revenues by using a weighted least squares analysis using the inverse of the number of video lottery machines as the weight. White's test of the residuals from the weighted regression did not reject homoskedasticity (p=0.293). Average revenues were homoskedastic (p=0.13) so we continued to use an unweighted regression, as in the original paper. The analysis based on the corrected data confirms the results of the published paper, that the smokefree law had no effect on revenue from gaming in Delaware.
Table 1. Estimated effects of the smokefree law |
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|
Total Revenues (Weighted Least Squares) |
Average Revenue per Machine (Ordinary Least Squares) |
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Unit |
($million) |
($/machine) |
||||
Variable |
Estimate |
Standard Error |
p value |
Estimate |
Standard Error |
p value |
Plaw(unit/month) |
-2.404 |
3.302 |
0.468 |
-1158.11 |
745.10 |
0.123 |
Time (unit/month) |
0.612 |
0.102 |
<0.001 |
96.47 |
36.70 |
0.010 |
Time2(unit/month2) |
-0.005 |
0.001 |
<0.001 |
-0.31 |
0.278 |
0.259 |
Machines(unit/machine) |
0.003 |
0.001 |
0.024 |
-2.424 |
-2.762 |
<0.001 |
Income (unit/$million) |
7.568 |
1.087 |
<0.001 |
10717.00 |
467.00 |
<0.001 |
Winter |
-4.147 |
0.872 |
<0.001 |
-1353.01 |
314.79 |
<0.001 |
n |
101 |
|
|
101 |
|
|
R2 |
0.669 |
|
|
0.639 |
|
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