Tobacco specific nitrosamines and potential reduced exposure products for smokers: a preliminary evaluation of Advance™

Table 1

Results of statistical analyses for all compliance and main outcome measures

	Condition		Day		Condition by day
	F Value	p Value	F Value	p Value	F Value	p Value
*df=8,88
†df=4,44
‡df=2,16
Compliance measures
Expired air CO*	37.1	<0.01	9.4	<0.01	14.0	<0.01
Semi-quantitative cotinine†	45.5	<0.01	27.6	<0.01	27.7	<0.01
Main outcome measures
Subjective withdrawal*
Urges to smoke	2.3	NS	<1.0	NS	1.6	NS
Irritability/frustration/anger	3.2	NS	1.3	NS	2.7	<0.05
Anxious	6.1	<0.01	<1.0	NS	1.5	NS
Difficulty concentrating	6.2	<0.01	1.8	NS	<1.0	NS
Restlessness	2.7	NS	<1.0	NS	1.7	NS
Hunger	4.1	<0.05	<1.0	NS	1.7	NS
Impatient	6.9	<0.01	1.7	NS	1.0	NS
CRAVING a cigarette/nicotine	3.7	NS	1.4	NS	1.5	NS
Insomnia/disturbed sleep	<1.0	NS	<1.0	NS	1.4	NS
Increased eating	9.5	<0.01	4.2	<0.01	3.7	<0.01
Drowsiness	2.0	NS	3.2	<0.05	1.3	NS
Depression/feeling blue	5.9	<0.01	1.5	NS	1.1	NS
Desire for sweets	4.5	<0.05	2.1	NS	4.2	<0.01
QSU factor 1	6.4	<0.05	1.0	NS	<1.0	NS
QSU factor 2	9.8	<0.01	1.6	NS	3.5	<0.01
Physiological measures*
Heart rate	15.0	<0.001	2.8	<0.05	3.6	<0.01
Skin temperature	<1.0	NS	<1.0	NS	<1.0	NS
Quantitative cotinine (GC/MS)†	15.9	<0.001	3.4	NS	21.1	<0.001
NNAL (LC-MS/MS)†	11.5	<0.001	6.2	<0.05	3.7	<0.05
Puff topography‡
Puff volume	2.9	NS	<1.0	NS	<1.0	NS
Puff duration	1.9	NS	1.1	NS	<1.0	NS
Interpuff interval	2.5	NS	1.0	NS	<1.0	NS
Number of puffs	8.5	<0.05	<1.0	NS	2.1	NS

This Article

Free sample

This recent issue is free to all users to allow everyone the opportunity to see the full scope and typical content of Tobacco Control.
View free sample issue >>

Don't forget to sign up for content alerts so you keep up to date with all the articles as they are published.