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Tob Control 2008;17:385-390 doi:10.1136/tc.2007.024216
  • Research paper

Does tobacco industry marketing excessively impact lesbian, gay and bisexual communities?

  1. J A Dilley1,
  2. C Spigner2,
  3. M J Boysun3,
  4. C W Dent1,
  5. B A Pizacani1
  1. 1
    Program Design and Evaluation Services, Multnomah County Health Department and Oregon Department of Human Services, Portland, Oregon, USA
  2. 2
    University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, USA
  3. 3
    Tobacco Prevention and Control, Washington State Department of Health, Olympia, Washington, USA
  1. J A Dilley, Program Design and Evaluation Services, Multnomah County Health Department/Oregon Department of Human Services, 827 NE Oregon St, Suite 250, Box 107, Portland, Oregon 97232, USA; julia.dilley{at}state.or.us
  • Received 9 November 2007
  • Accepted 8 August 2008
  • Published Online First 22 August 2008

Abstract

Background: Tobacco industry documents have revealed marketing plans specifically to reach lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) populations. Research supports a causal linkage between receptivity and exposure to tobacco industry marketing and tobacco use uptake among adolescents. Pro-tobacco messages may diminish the effectiveness of tobacco control activities and contribute to the high smoking prevalence among LGB populations.

Objective: To compare receptivity and exposure to tobacco industry marketing between LGB and heterosexual populations.

Methods: Nearly 400 gay or bisexual men and more than 600 lesbian or bisexual women were identified in the 2003–2006 Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a state-wide, population-based telephone survey of adults. The BRFSS included questions measuring receptivity and exposure to tobacco industry marketing. Multiple logistic regression models stratified by gender were used to assess differences for lesbians, gays and bisexuals separately, in comparison to their heterosexual counterparts.

Results: As expected, smoking prevalence was higher among LGB populations than among heterosexuals. After adjustment for demographic differences and smoking status, gay and bisexual men reported more exposure to tobacco industry marketing (free sample distribution) than straight men, but were equally receptive to it. Lesbian and bisexual women were more receptive to and reported more exposure to tobacco industry marketing than straight women.

Conclusion: LGB communities, especially lesbian and bisexual women, appear to be effectively targeted by tobacco industry marketing activities. Strategies to limit tobacco industry marketing, and increase individuals’ resistance to marketing, may be critical to reducing smoking among LGB populations.

Footnotes

  • Competing interests: None.

  • Funding: This study was supported by the Washington State Tobacco Prevention and Control Program.

  • Ethics approval: Ethics approval was obtained.

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