Medical costs of smoking in the United States: estimates, their validity, and their implications

Table 2

Estimates of smoking-related expenditures as a percentage of total personal health expenditures, United States

Authors	Year of estimate	Estimated smoking-related expenditures ($ billion)	% of Personal health expenditures
Luce and Schweitzer⁶	1976	8.2	7.8
Office of Technology Assessment13	1985	21.6	6.0
Rice, Hodgson, Sinsheimer, et al 20	1984	23.3	6.8
Bartlett, Miller, Rice, et al 22	1993	50	7.1
Miller, Zhang, Rice, et al 23	1993	72.7	11.8
Miller, Ernst, and Collin24	1993	53.4	6.5^2-150

↵2-150 This is the overall weighted average smoking-attributable fraction of expenditures.

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