Date | Population | Definition of exposure | Prevalence of exposure to SHS | Reference | ||||
1986 | Adult non-smokers 35–64 years | Exposed to SHS in their homes | 12.7% (men) | Kawachi et al7 | ||||
16.1% (women) | ||||||||
1987-8 | Adults, 35–64 years, never smokers | Exposed to SHS at work | 33.6% (men) | Kawachi et al 7 | ||||
23.4% (women) | ||||||||
1991 | Indoor workers | Exposed to SHS during working hours | 19% | Public Health Commission31 | ||||
Exposed during tea and lunch breaks | 39% | |||||||
1991-3 | Infants, at 2 month visit | Mother smokes | 22.8% | Mitchell et al14 | ||||
Father smokes | 27.7% | |||||||
1993 | Adult non-smokers, sample of multi-industry workforce | Regular exposure to SHS at work or at home | 49% (men) | Whitlock et al27 | ||||
33% (women) | ||||||||
43% (European) | ||||||||
60% (Maori) | ||||||||
56% (Pacific Islands) | ||||||||
1996 | Adults exposed to SHS | Mean number of hours per day exposed to others smoke | 3.7 hours (at work) | Ministry of Health 9 | ||||
3.4 horrs (away from work) | ||||||||
3.7/3.1 (European or other ethnicity) | ||||||||
3.7/4.4 (Maori) | ||||||||
1996 | Adult non-smokers | Live with someone who regularly smokes around them inside the home | 14.7% (men) | Ministry of Health9 | ||||
16.5% (women) | ||||||||
1996 | Indoor workers (non-smokers) | Exposed to SHS during working hours | 19.1% (men) | Ministry of Health9 | ||||
6.2% (women) | ||||||||
Exposed only during tea and lunch breaks | 24.0% (men and women) | |||||||
1997 | Secondary school children aged 14–15 | Exposed to smoke at home | 35% (all students) | ASH survey of secondary school students. Unpublished report | ||||
54% (Maori) | ||||||||
1997 | Infants visited by child health nurses at 3 months | Mother smoked during pregnancy | 26% (all mothers) | Tuohy P, et al, 1997. SIDS risk factor final report.2-150 | ||||
49% (Maori mothers) |
↵2-150 Unpublished report to the Ministry of Health.
ASH, Action on Smoking and Health; SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome.