Sex |
Male | 6523 | 19.2 | 1.00 | Reference |
Female | 6745 | 28.7 | 1.72 | 1.57 to 1.89 |
Age |
25–34 years | 4212 | 27.8 | 1.00 | Reference |
35–44 years | 4200 | 23.4 | 0.76 | 0.68 to 0.84 |
45–54 years | 2785 | 21.8 | 0.69 | 0.61 to 0.78 |
55–64 years | 2071 | 20.7 | 0.66 | 0.57 to 0.76 |
Race/ethnicity |
White, non-Hispanic | 10004 | 22.5 | 1.00 | Reference |
Black, non-Hispanic | 878 | 56.7 | 4.66 | 4.00 to 5.44 |
Asian | 137 | 38.7 | 2.08 | 1.44 to 3.00 |
American Indian | 115 | 18.3 | 0.78 | 0.47 to 1.29 |
Other | 42 | 23.8 | 1.11 | 0.54 to 2.29 |
Canadian | 1382 | 13.3 | 0.60 | 0.50 to 0.72 |
Hispanic | 693 | 24.5 | 1.10 | 0.91 to 1.34 |
Education |
<12 years | 2480 | 19.4 | 1.00 | Reference |
12 years | 3206 | 22.5 | 1.16 | 1.00 to 1.33 |
13–15 years | 5317 | 26.0 | 1.34 | 1.18 to 1.53 |
≥16 years | 2239 | 26.7 | 1.43 | 1.23 to 1.67 |
Amount smoked in 1988 |
<5 cigs/day | 682 | 32.7 | 1.00 | Reference |
6–14 cigs/day | 2322 | 29.8 | 0.89 | 0.72 to 1.09 |
15–24 cigs/day | 4736 | 23.2 | 0.79 | 0.64 to 0.98 |
25+ cigs/day | 5516 | 21.3 | 0.85 | 0.68 to 1.06 |
Time until first cigarette |
<10 minutes | 4285 | 22.1 | 1.00 | Reference |
10–30 minutes | 3923 | 23.1 | 1.10 | 0.98 to 1.23 |
31–60 minutes | 2405 | 24.0 | 1.09 | 0.96 to 1.25 |
>60 minutes | 2607 | 28.7 | 1.16 | 1.00 to 1.35 |
Past attempts to quit |
0 attempts | 8137 | 23.3 | 1.00 | Reference |
1 attempt | 2408 | 23.4 | 1.00 | 0.89 to 1.13 |
2+ attempts | 2688 | 27.0 | 1.16 | 1.03 to 1.30 |
Age started smoking |
≤15 years | 3177 | 23.2 | 1.00 | Reference |
16–19 years | 6533 | 23.7 | 0.92 | 0.82 to 1.02 |
≥20 years | 3558 | 25.5 | 0.89 | 0.78 to 1.01 |
Desire to quit |
Not at all | 2172 | 23.0 | 1.00 | Reference |
A little | 2086 | 23.4 | 0.97 | 0.83 to 1.13 |
Somewhat | 4094 | 24.9 | 1.02 | 0.89 to 1.17 |
A lot | 4827 | 24.2 | 0.92 | 0.80 to 1.06 |
Frequency of alcohol use |
Daily | 1553 | 20.8 | 1.00 | Reference |
3–4 times/week | 1274 | 22.9 | 1.03 | 0.85 to 1.24 |
1–2 times/week | 3040 | 24.1 | 1.03 | 0.88 to 1.21 |
1–3 times/month | 2270 | 24.7 | 1.00 | 0.84 to 1.18 |
<1/month or never | 5037 | 25.1 | 1.07 | 0.92 to 1.24 |
Use non-cig product in 1988 |
No | 12867 | 24.3 | 1.00 | Reference |
Yes | 397 | 17.4 | 0.76 | 0.57 to 1.02 |
Premium brand in 1988 |
Premium | 12040 | 25.1 | 1.00 | Reference |
Discount/generic | 774 | 31.3 | 0.49 | 0.39 to 0.61 |
Other smokers in the house |
No other smokers | 7124 | 24.4 | 1.00 | Reference |
1+ other smokers | 6144 | 23.6 | 1.00 | 0.91 to 1.09 |