Sex | 4002 | 100.0 | 47.6 | 52.4 | 0.01 |
Mean (SD) age (years) | 4002 | 45.7 (16.8) | 44.9 (16.9) | 46.4 (16.8) | NS |
Smoking | | | | | |
Smokers | 889 | 22.2 | 26.2 | 18.6 | 0.01 |
Ex-smokers | 981 | 24.5 | 34.5 | 15.2 | 0.01 |
Never smokers | 2132 | 53.3 | 39.3 | 65.9 | 0.01 |
NS-SEC occupational class | | | | | |
Higher managers and professionals | 192 | 4.8 | 7.9 | 2.0 | 0.01 |
Lower managers and professionals | 484 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 12.1 | NS |
Intermediate occupations | 271 | 6.8 | 4.5 | 8.8 | 0.01 |
Self employed | 540 | 13.5 | 18.1 | 9.3 | 0.01 |
Smaller supervisors, craft, and related occupations | 278 | 7.0 | 10.8 | 3.5 | 0.01 |
Semi-routine occupations | 499 | 12.5 | 9.0 | 15.7 | 0.01 |
Routine occupations | 676 | 16.9 | 13.9 | 19.7 | 0.01 |
Unemployed | 138 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 3.3 | NS |
Others (e.g. retired, students, housewives) | 923 | 23.1 | 20.1 | 25.8 | 0.01 |
Psychological stress | | | | | |
Never/almost never confident handling personal problems | 212 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 6.5 | 0.001 |
Never/almost never felt things going my way | 365 | 9.2 | 6.9 | 11.3 | 0.001 |
Often/very often unable to control important things in life | 373 | 9.4 | 7.0 | 11.7 | 0.001 |
Often/very often felt difficulties could not be overcome | 280 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 8.8 | 0.001 |
Social support | | | | | |
None to count for instrumental support | 165 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 4.7 | NS |
None to count for emotional support | 320 | 8.0 | 9.1 | 7.0 | 0.05 |