Table 1

State efforts to enact and enforce a youth access law and their violation rates as measured by annual statewide surveys, 1996–2000

	Good faith effort*					Violation rate†
	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000	1996	1997	1998	1999	2000
*The state has a law with or without loopholes, enforced the law, conducted an unbiased survey, and met its original or revised violation rate target. States that consistently made good faith efforts are depicted in bold.
†Proportion of merchants making illegal sales in the state’s survey. Missing data indicate that a valid survey was not completed.
‡Survey data are likely to be biased.
Alabama	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	35	23	16	17	20
Alaska	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	34	29	25	34	36
Arizona	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	56	12	20	23	13
Arkansas	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes		22	22	11	22
California	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	29	22	13	17	13
Colorado	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	42	19	28	16	6
Connecticut	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	70	61	35	17	18
Delaware	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	29		33	34	18
District of Columbia	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	46	40	47	26	25
Florida	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7	7	8	8	8
Georgia	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	48	21	13	25	20
Hawaii	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	45	23	15	11	7
Idaho	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	56		27	14	19
Illinois	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	44	26	13	12	15
Indiana	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	40	24	27	28	22
Iowa	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	40	25	36	33	29
Kansas	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	63	47	35	29	23
Kentucky	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	59	24	14	20	13
Louisiana	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	73	39	20	7	7
Maine	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	17	13	4	8	9
Maryland	No	No	No	No	Yes	54	36	35	33	25
Massachusetts	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	36	17	19	14	18
Michigan	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	41	20	26	24	27
Minnesota	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	30	27	32	28	19
Mississippi	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	40	31	33	29	12
Missouri	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	40	30	35	27	15
Montana	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	45	39	34	25	22
Nebraska	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	39	23	24	23	15
Nevada	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	31	20	17	23	23
New Hampshire	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	16	12	8	8	10
New Jersey	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	44	27	27	23	25
New Mexico	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	30	23	14	19	12
New York	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	38	23	20	19	16
North Carolina	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	50	45	25	25	20
North Dakota	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes		31	32	19	12
Ohio	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	39	23	23	21	21
Oklahoma	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	48	32	25	20	19
Oregon	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	39	24	29	18	23
Pennsylvania	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	56	30	32	41	27
Rhode Island	Yes	No	No	No	No	30		30	27
South Carolina	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	36	23	25	20	19
South Dakota	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	31	13	18	9	8
Tennessee	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	63	38	24	31	25
Texas	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	56	24	13	15	13
Utah	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	35	28	19	16	19
Vermont	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	28	8	7	20	15
Virginia	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	46	32	20	23	23
Washington	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	20	6	15	13	14
West Virginia	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	37	25	25	34	21
Wisconsin	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	48	22	28	22	25
Wyoming	No	No	No	No	Yes	42	29	46	56	9
American Samoa	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	47	35	10	10	8
Guam	No	No	No	No	No	60		46	37	42
Marshall Islands‡	No	No	No	No	No			99	90	75
Micronesia	No	No	No	No	No	58	31	36	21	22
Northern Marianas	No	No	No	Yes	Yes	95	83	42	27	25
Palau	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	90	56	47	36	36
Puerto Rico	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	91	92	37	27	27
Virgin Islands	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	35	5	32	43	15