Relationship between residence in a state with a counter-industry campaign and current smoking among 12–17 year olds over time
| Independent variables | Current smoking | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| OR | SE | p Value | |
| This model also included background variables (age, sex, race/ethnicity (African American, Hispanic, and other, where white was the omitted variable), religiosity, living with both parents, employment, average weekly earnings), media use (number of hours watching TV per week, number of hours listening to radio per week), cumulative gross rating points (GRPs) of exposure to the truth® ads, and, as control variables, state population and the number of months since baseline. | |||
| The larger standard error at time 3 compared to time 1 and 2 is associated with design effects from oversampling campaign states. | |||
| *Significantly different from zero at the p<0.05 level. | |||
| OR, odds ratio; SE, standard error. | |||
| Key variables | |||
| Campaign state (CA, FL, MA, IN, MN, MS, or NJ) | 1.426 | 0.327 | 0.122 |
| Period 2 (autumn 2000 to spring 2001) | 1.631* | 0.359 | 0.027 |
| Period 3 (2002) | 1.798 | 0.878 | 0.230 |
| Campaign state × period 2 | 0.580* | 0.154 | 0.040 |
| Campaign state × period 3 | 0.488* | 0.146 | 0.016 |
| Other tobacco control programme components | |||
| Average real state cigarette excise tax | 0.998 | 0.001 | 0.217 |
| State clean indoor air index score | 0.960 | 0.034 | 0.254 |
| Aware of tobacco use prevention education | 0.628* | 0.075 | 0.000 |
| Aware of community anti-tobacco groups | 0.944 | 0.129 | 0.672 |