Table 1

Levels of fine particulate matter (PM _2.5, µg/m³) measured inside and outside hospitality venues before and after the smoking ban in Rome

Location (n obs)	Mean	95% CI	Geometricmean	95% CI	Mann-Whitneytest
Bars	46.8	30.2 to 63.5	39.6	28.0 to 56
Pre-law (14)
Post-law I (13)	25.6	21.7 to 29.5	24.7	20.9 to 29.3	p<0.03
Post-law II (15)	33.7	23.9 to 43.5	29.9	22.5 to 39.6	p<0.19
Fast food restaurants	29.8	21.2 to 38.3	28.5	21.0 to 38.6
Pre-law (7)
Post-law I (6)	31.7	21.5 to 42	30.6	22.4 to 41.7	p<0.72
Post-law II (5)	25.1	9.8 to 40.4	23.2	13.5 to 39.7	p<0.22
Restaurants	111.0	52.4 to 169.6	78.0	43.5 to 140.0
Pre-law (12)
Post-law I (8)	60.9	8.8 to 112.9	46.5	26.2 to 82.6
Post-law II (8)	36.5	13.6 to 59.4	29.7	17.2 to 51.4	p<0.03
Video game parlours	150.1	84 to 216.2	128.0	74.4 to 220.2
Pre-law (8)
Post-law I (8)	39.7	11.4 to 67.9	32	18.7 to 54.8	p<0.005
Post-law II (9)	65.7	34.5 to 96.9	56.1	35.4 to 88.8	p<0.02
Pubs	368.1	89.3 to 646.9	257.0	78.9 to 838
Pre-law (6)
Post-law I (5)	39.8	25.5 to 54.0	38.6	27.4 to 54.4	p<0.03
Post-law II (6)	57.7	5.2 to 110.3	45.2	21.3 to 96.2	p<0.02
All venues	119.3	75.7 to 162.8	69.5	51.6 to 93.6
Pre-law (47)
Post-law I (40)	38.2	27.5 to 48.8	32.3	27.4 to 37.9	p<0.005
Post-law II (43)	43.3	33.2 to 53.3	35	28.8 to 42.5	p<0.01
Outdoors	24.6	19.9 to 29.4	23.7	19.3 to 29.4
Pre-law (11)
Post-law I (11)	20.8	15.16 to 26.5	19.2	14.4 to 25.6	p<0.31
Post-law II (8)	27.2	21.3 to 33	26.4	21.2 to 32.9	p<0.32