Knowledge of health effects from smoking (n = 9058)
| Health effect | Proportion who agree | Odds of planning to quit† (95% CI) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CAN | AUS | USA | UK | Overall | ||
| *Significant differences between countries (p<0.001). | ||||||
| †Odds of planning to quit smoking (0: No plan, 1: Plan) are adjusted for age, sex, income, ethnicity, and cigarettes smoked per day. | ||||||
| Bolded values indicate diseases that are listed in health warnings on packages in each country. | ||||||
| CI, confidence interval. | ||||||
| Smoking causes lung cancer in smokers | 94.8% | 94.3% | 94.3% | 93.7% | 94.3% | 2.88 (2.34 to 3.54) |
| Smoking causes heart disease | 90.8% | 88.7% | 85.8% | 89.5% | 88.7%* | 2.51 (2.16 to 2.91) |
| Smoking causes stroke | 82.7% | 80.8% | 73.3% | 70.3% | 73.0%* | 1.91 (1.70 to 2.15) |
| Smoking causes lung cancer in non-smokers | 79.6% | 69.0% | 68.1% | 75.2% | 70.1%* | 1.62 (1.45 to 1.81) |
| Smoking causes impotence | 59.5% | 35.8% | 34.3% | 36.1% | 41.3%* | 1.56 (1.42 to 1.77) |
| Total number of health effects reported* | ||||||
| 0 | 2.8% | 3.3% | 3.5% | 2.7% | 3.1% | Reference |
| 1 | 2.3% | 3.7% | 4.5% | 3.5% | 3.5% | 1.84 (1.27 to 2.67) |
| 2 | 5.0% | 7.9% | 9.4% | 8.4% | 7.7% | 2.51 (1.81 to 3.47) |
| 3 | 13.7% | 18.3% | 22.1% | 21.6% | 18.9% | 3.78 (2.80 to 5.09) |
| 4 | 27.2% | 39.7% | 36.2% | 39.1% | 35.7% | 4.58 (3.42 to 6.12) |
| 5 | 49.1% | 27.1% | 24.3% | 24.7% | 31.2% | 5.73 (2.25 to 7.71) |