β | Marginal effects | SE | p Value | |||
% Total income | Money value (Per capita per year (yuan)) | Percentage of total expenditure on category | ||||
A Total population | ||||||
Food | 0.0074 | 0.18 | 5.89 | 0.6 | 0.0001 | <0.0001 |
Clothing | −0.0010 | −0.01 | −0.29 | −0.1 | 0.0002 | <0.0001 |
Transport | 0.0426 | 0.32 | 10.48 | 5.0 | 0.0002 | <0.0001 |
Housing | 0.0000 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.0 | 0.0002 | 00.9494 |
Education | −0.0438 | −0.50 | −16.60 | −4.8 | 0.0002 | <0.0001 |
Medical care | −0.0335 | −0.33 | −10.93 | −3.8 | 0.0002 | <0.0001 |
Others | 0.0302 | 0.22 | 7.33 | 3.5 | 0.0001 | <0.0001 |
B Poorest 20% of rural households | ||||||
Food | 0.0126 | 0.29 | 2.74 | 0.8 | 0.0005 | <0.0001 |
Clothing | 0.0035 | 0.03 | 0.30 | 0.3 | 0.0009 | 0.0003 |
Transport | 0.0645 | 0.30 | 2.76 | 6.1 | 0.0012 | <0.0001 |
Housing | 0.0160 | 0.12 | 1.07 | 1.5 | 0.0009 | <0.0001 |
Education | −0.0447 | −0.54 | −5.05 | −3.8 | 0.0009 | <0.0001 |
Medical care | −0.0478 | −0.68 | −6.37 | −3.9 | 0.0007 | <0.0001 |
Others | 0.0506 | 0.38 | 3.49 | 4.6 | 0.0009 | <0.0001 |
The marginal effects of tobacco spending (per 1000 yuan) on other household expenditures in (a) total dataset (n = 56 839 households and 193 137 individuals; 77 missing households), and (b) poorest 20% households in rural China in 2003 (n = 10 611 households; 42 238 individuals; 36 missing households).
The unit of amount of cigarette consumption is five packs per capita per month (100 cigarettes, approximately three per day) in a household.