Characteristics of American studies of medical costs of smoking
| Authors | Date of paper | Included disease categories | Method | Data |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luce and Schweitzer6 | 1978 | Cancer, circulatory system, respiratory system, accidents | Estimated proportion of each disease caused by smoking (“smoking factor”) applied to personal health expenditures for neoplasms, circulatory, and respiratory diseases. | Boden's smoking factors applied to Cooper and Rice's estimates of personal health expenditures for neoplasms, circulatory and respiratory diseases. |
| Office of Technology Assessment13 | 1985 | Cancer, cardiovascular, respiratory system | Age, sex, disease specific smoking-related mortality factors applied to age and sex specific personal health expenditures for neoplasms, circulatory, and respiratory diseases. | Smoking factors derived from the ACS 25 state study and NCHS mortality counts, with input from the Framingham study, applied to Hodgson and Kopstein's estimates of personal health expenditures for neoplasms, circulatory and respiratory diseases. |
| Rice, Hodgson, Sinsheimer,et al 20 | 1986 | Cancer, circulatory system, respiratory system | Smokers' age, sex, and health service specific attributable risks of medical care use for neoplasms, circulatory and respiratory diseases applied to personal health expenditures for neoplasms, circulatory and respiratory diseases. | Attributable risks of medical care use derived from NHIS smoking supplement applied to Hodgson and Kopstein's estimates of personal health expenditures for neoplasms, circulatory and respiratory diseases. |
| Bartlett, Miller, Rice, et al 22 | 1994 | Heart disease, emphysema, arteriosclerosis, stroke, cancer; also other health status effects | Multi-equation econometric model estimates smoking attributable percentages, controlling for smoking status, medical conditions, health status, and various socioeconomic and demographic factors. Percentages applied to HCFA personal health expenditures. | NMES household survey and NMES medical provider survey; HCFA personal health expenditures by health service type (hospitals, etc). |
| Miller, Zhang, Rice, et al 23 | 1998 | Heart disease, emphysema, arteriosclerosis, stroke, cancer; also other health status effects | Probit probability model estimates smoking attributable fractions (SAF), controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, behavioural factors. SAFs applied to state medical expenditures. National expenditures are sum of state expenditures. | NMES to estimate national SAFs; BRFSS to estimate state SAFs, HCFA estimated state medical expenditures. |
| Miller, Ernst, and Collin24 | 1999 | All (not limited) | Two-equation econometric model estimates medical expenditure SAFs, controlling for socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioural factors. SAFs applied to state medical expenditures. National expenditures are sum of state expenditures. | NMES to estimate national SAFs; TUS, BRFSS, CPS, and NMES to construct state-level data set; HCFA estimated state medical expenditures. |
ACS = American Cancer Society; BRFSS = Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; CPS = current population survey; HCFA = Health Care Financing Administration; NCHS = National Center for Health Statistics; NHIS = national health interview survey; NMES = national medical expenditure survey; TUS = tobacco use supplement of the CPS.