Summary of the association of psychosocial factors with adolescent smoking
| Factors | Association | No association | Undecided |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Age | • | ||
| Gender | • | ||
| Ethnicity/race | • | ||
| Acculturation | • | ||
| Family structure | • | ||
| Parental socioeconomic status | • | ||
| Personal income | • | ||
| Urban/rural residence | • | ||
| Environmental | |||
| Parental smoking | • | ||
| Parental attitudes | • | ||
| Sibling smoking | • | ||
| Peer smoking | • | ||
| Peer attitudes and norms | • | ||
| Family environment | • | ||
| Attachment to family and friends | • | ||
| Availability of tobacco | • | ||
| Behavioural | |||
| School factors | • | ||
| Risk behaviour | • | ||
| Lifestyle | • | ||
| Personal | |||
| Stress | • | ||
| Coping | • | ||
| Depression/distress | • | ||
| Self-esteem | • | ||
| Attitudes to smoking/smokers | • | ||
| Knowledge of health effects of smoking | • | ||
| Personal health concerns | • |