Cases (n) | Cases (%) | Controls (n) | Controls (%) | Total (n) | OR | 95% CI | |
Males | |||||||
Smoking status1-150 | |||||||
Never | 34 | (11.8) | 103 | (56.3) | 137 | 1.0 | Referent |
Ex-smoker | 17 | (5.9) | 20 | (10.9) | 37 | 2.2 | 1.0–4.6 |
Current | 237 | (82.2) | 60 | (32.7) | 297 | 10.7 | 6.6–17.3 |
<15 g/day | 135 | (46.8) | 40 | (21.9) | 175 | 9.8 | 5.9–16.4 |
⩾15 g/day | 96 | (33.3) | 18 | (9.8) | 114 | 12.0 | 6.5–22.3 |
Not specified | 6 | (2.1) | 2 | (1.1) | 8 | ||
Total | 288 | (100.0) | 183 | (100.0) | 471 | ||
χ2(p trend) | 92.8 | (0.0001) | |||||
Industry1-151 | |||||||
Not dusty | 22 | 43 | 65 | 1.0 | Referent | ||
Dusty | 266 | (92.3) | 140 | (76.5) | 406 | 3.2 | 1.8–5.8 |
χ2 (p trend) | 15.1 | (0.0001) | |||||
Wood/coal in house1-152 | |||||||
No | 28 | 25 | 53 | 1.0 | Referent | ||
Yes | 260 | (90.3) | 158 | (86.3) | 418 | 1.9 | 0.9–3.3 |
χ2 (p trend) | 2.3 | (0.1) | |||||
Asbestos exposure current residence1-153 | |||||||
None | 218 | (78.9) | 161 | (88.0) | 379 | 1.0 | Referent |
Moderate | 38 | (13.8) | 11 | (6.0) | 49 | 2.1 | 1.0–4.4 |
Heavy | 10 | (3.6) | 3 | (1.6) | 19 | 2.8 | 0.7–10.4 |
Not specified | 10 | (3.6) | 8 | (4.4) | 18 | 5.7 | (0.02) |
χ2 (p trend) | 5.7 | (0.2) | |||||
Asbestos exposure at birth1-153 | |||||||
None | 173 | (60.1) | 134 | (73.2) | 307 | 1.0 | Referent |
Moderate | 35 | (12.1) | 9 | (4.9) | 44 | 2.9 | 1.2–6.7 |
Heavy | 8 | (2.8) | 2 | (1.1) | 10 | 3.1 | 0.4–21.4 |
Not specified | 72 | (25.0) | 38 | (20.1) | 110 | ||
χ2(p trend) | 7.5 | (0.006) | |||||
Women | |||||||
Smoking1-150 | |||||||
Never | 32 | (53.3) | 190 | (96.5) | 222 | 1.0 | Referent |
Ex-smoker | 4 | (6.7) | 2 | (1.0) | 6 | 5.8 | 1.3–25.8 |
Current | 24 | (4.0) | 5 | (2.5) | 29 | 5.51-154 | 2.6–11.3 |
<15 g/day | 15 | (25.0) | 4 | (2.0) | 19 | ||
⩾15 g/day | 8 | (13.3) | 0 | (0.0) | 8 | ||
Not specified | 1 | (1.7) | 1 | (0.5) | 2 | ||
Total | 60 | (100) | 197 | (100) | 257 | ||
χ2(p trend) | 31.3 | (0.0001) | |||||
Industry1-151 | |||||||
Not dusty | 17 | 37 | 54 | 1.0 | Referent | ||
Dusty | 43 | (71.6) | 160 | (81.2) | 203 | 0.5 | 0.3–1.1 |
χ2 (p trend) | 2.6 | (0.1) | |||||
Wood/coal fuel1-152 | |||||||
No | 9 | 41 | 50 | 1.0 | Referent | ||
Yes | 51 | (85.0) | 156 | (79.2) | 207 | 1.4 | 0.6–3.2 |
χ2 (p trend) | 0.5 | (0.5) | |||||
Asbestos exposure current residence1-153 | |||||||
None | 45 | (75.0) | 180 | (91.4) | 225 | 1.0 | Referent |
Moderate | 4 | (6.7) | 11 | (5.6) | 15 | 1.1 | 0.3–3.9 |
Heavy | 6 | (10.0) | 4 | (2.0) | 10 | 5.4 | 1.3–22.5 |
Not specified | 5 | (8.3) | 2 | (1.0) | 7 | ||
χ2(p trend) | 5.2 | (0.02) | |||||
Asbestos exposure at birth1-153 | |||||||
None | 36 | (60.0) | 162 | (82.2) | 198 | 1.0 | Referent |
Moderate | 2 | (3.3) | 8 | (4.1) | 10 | ||
Heavy | 3 | (5.0) | 0 | (0.0) | 3 | 2.41-160 | 0.7–7.9 |
Not specified | 19 | (31.7) | 27 | (13.7) | 46 | ||
χ2(p trend) | 1.9 | (0.2) |
↵1-150 Adjusted for age (<55, ⩾55 years), dusty occupation, and exposure to asbestos at birth.
↵1-151 Adjusted for age (<55, ⩾55 years), smoking (never-smoker, ex-smoker, current specified), and asbestos exposure at birth.
↵1-152 Adjusted for smoking (never-smoker, ex-smoker, current specified), dusty industry, and residential asbestos exposure.
↵1-153 Adjusted for smoking (never-smoker, ex-smoker, current specified), and dusty industry.
↵1-154 Data for current unspecified, light and heavy female smokers were combined.
↵1-160 Data for females born in moderate and heavy asbestos districts were combined.