Rates of reported symptoms of nicotine dependence at the first interview between 205 subjects who had used tobacco one or more times and 476 subjects who had not
| Symptoms | Users (n=205) | Non-users (n=476) |
| Felt like I really needed a cigarette3-150 | 19.5% | 2.5% |
| Strong urge to smoke when abstinent | 14.6% | 0.6% |
| Strong cravings to smoke3-150 | 13.2% | 1.7% |
| Feeling nervous, restless, or anxious | 12.7% | 0.6% |
| Feeling irritable | 10.7% | 0.0% |
| Difficulty concentrating | 8.3% | 0.2% |
| Felt addicted | 7.8% | 0.2% |
| Hard to refrain from smoking where it is not permitted | 6.3% | 1.1% |
| Feeling sad, blue or depressed | 5.9% | 0.8% |
↵3-150 These items were not used as criteria for dependence because of lower specificity.