Table 1

Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of “A pregnant women's guide to quit smoking”

Principal investigatorYearSiteProviderE group (%)nC group (%)nRisk ratio95%CI1-153
Lowe1998AustraliaRN/MD(OB)95605810.91-15210.9121.6
Gebauer1998OhioRN168409421.01-15221.0135.0
Hartmann1996N CarolinaMD(OB)20107101002.32.34.4
Valbo1994Norway1-150MD(OB)2516181554.04.07.3
Windsor1993AlabamaHealth educator1440031005.35.314.2
O'Connor1992Canada1-151RN1210151012.62.66.4
Hjalmarson1991SwedenMD(OB)1341782311.71.72.7
Windsor1985AlabamaHealth educator1410221048.08.027.7
Walsh1997AustraliaMD/RN(OB)12127012515.01-152 15.076.0
Ershoff1989CaliforniaHealth Educator22126171161.41.42.4
Sexton1984MarylandRN27395338812.012.020.2

  • ↵1-150 Combined data (two studies);

  • ↵1-151 French and English;

  • ↵1-152 assumes group C;

  • ↵1-153 confidence interval (one tailed test); MD, physician; OB, obstetrician; RN, nurse.

  • Source: Windsor et al.3