Survey respondents' evaluation of the extent to which research has played a direct role in policy adoption in each of 11 policy areas
| Policy | Extent of role of research in policy adoption | |||||
| No effect (0) | Small effect (1) | Modest effect (2) | Substantial effect (3) | Not sure | Mean (95% CI) | |
| Advertising/promotion bans | 1 | 15 | 36 | 45 | 8 | 2.29 (2.14 to 2.43) |
| Clean indoor air laws/policies | 0 | 2 | 20 | 75 | 8 | 2.75 (2.66 to 2.84) |
| Illicit trade | 10 | 26 | 25 | 13 | 31 | 1.55 (1.38 to 1.73) |
| Media counteradvertising | 6 | 19 | 41 | 28 | 11 | 1.97 (1.80 to 2.13) |
| Public education/information | 3 | 17 | 43 | 28 | 14 | 2.05 (1.90 to 2.21) |
| School health education | 8 | 21 | 33 | 22 | 21 | 1.82 (1.64 to 2.00) |
| Taxation/price | 0 | 4 | 30 | 62 | 9 | 2.60 (2.50 to 2.71) |
| Tobacco product regulation | 5 | 18 | 41 | 26 | 15 | 1.98 (1.82 to 2.14) |
| Cessation treatment policy | 0 | 8 | 21 | 60 | 16 | 2.58 (2.46 to 2.71) |
| Warning labels | 1 | 12 | 38 | 46 | 8 | 2.33 (2.19 to 2.47) |
| Youth access laws | 7 | 24 | 33 | 27 | 14 | 1.88 (1.70 to 2.06) |