Study | Population | Smoking session duration | Tobacco type and amount | Included only healthy participants? | RR bpm | Difference in FEV1% predicted* | Difference in FVC % predicted* | Difference in FEV1/FVC %* | Difference in PEFR % predicted* | Difference in FEF25-75% predicted* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shaikh 20089 | 202 men, 17+ years | 45 min | Unspecified | No | +2 | NE | NE | NE | NE | NE |
Hakim 201110 | 30 men, 15 women, 18+ years, mean age 32.35 (±23.36) years, range 18.3–65.1 years | 30 min | 10 g double-apple flavoured moassal | Yes | +2.3 | −1 (NS) | 0 | −1 (NS) | −8 | −5 |
Hawari 201313 | 24 men, 18–26 years | 45 min | Unspecified | Yes | +2 | −0.08 L/sec (NS) | −0.05 L (NS) | NE | NE | −0.22 L/sec |
Bentur 201416 | 39 men, 23 women, 47 active smokers,18+ years, mean age 24.9 (±6.2) years | 30 min | 10 g double-apple flavoured moassal | Yes | +3.5 | +0.1 (NS) | −0.7 (NS) | +1.0 (NS) | −3.6 | −0.1 (NS) |
Layoun 201421 | 87 men, 45 women, avg age 33.4 (±13.29) years, exclusive WP smokers | 45 min | 20 g moassal | No | NE | −1.21† | +1.69† | −2.28† | NE | NE |
*All pulmonary function values are changes (WP value after—WP value before). The units are % predicted, except FEV1/FVC, which is a % ratio, or otherwise specified.
†Statistical significance unspecified.
% pred, per cent predicted; FEF25-75, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% (middle half) of the FVC; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FEV1/FVC, ratio of FEV1/FVC; FVC, forced vital capacity; NE, not evaluated; NS, not statistically significant; PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate; RR, respiratory rate; unsp, unspecified.