The associations between tobacco control policies and quit attempts by country, gender and weight control belief
| The USA | Canada | The UK | Australia | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Male | Female | All | Male | Female | All | Male | Female | All | Male | Female | |
| Prices | 0.14** (0.07) | 0.03 (0.10) | 0.27*** (0.09) | 0.02 (0.05) | 0.01 (0.07) | 0.02 (0.07) | 0.10 (0.22) | 0.22 (0.31) | −0.05 (0.29) | −0.10 (0.21) | −0.34 (0.30) | 0.19 (0.29) |
| [0.30] | [0.07] | [0.58] | [0.05] | [0.02] | [0.06] | [0.46] | [1.04] | [−0.23] | [−0.35] | [−1.22] | [0.65] | |
| Price/belief interaction | −0.15 (0.11) | −0.10 (0.19) | −0.25* (0.14) | −0.00 (0.08) | −0.06 0.04 | 0.02 (0.10) | −0.89*** (0.33) | −2.08*** (0.56) | −0.06 (0.40) | −0.06 (0.31) | −0.19 (0.49) | 0.06 (0.41) |
| [−0.10] | [−0.06] | [−0.20] | [−0.00] | [−0.05] | [0.02] | [−1.43] | [−3.06] | [−0.11] | [−0.06] | [−0.19] | [0.07] | |
| Worksite bans | 0.34 (0.39) | 0.57 (0.59) | 0.22 (0.49) | −0.32 (0.22) | −0.75** (0.34) | 0.10 (0.29) | 0.63 (0.45) | 0.49 (0.68) | 0.73 (0.62) | −0.12 (0.32) | −0.68 (0.50) | 0.49 (0.41) |
| [0.52] | [0.90] | [0.32] | [−0.46] | [−1.08] | [0.15] | [0.89] | [0.70] | [1.01] | [−0.18] | [−1.02] | [0.71] | |
| Worksite bans/belief Interaction | −0.66 (0.48) | −0.49 (0.82) | −0.82 (0.58) | −0.05 (0.33) | 0.15 (0.54) | −0.23 (0.41) | −0.68* (0.39) | −1.31* (0.70) | −0.25 (0.48) | 0.14 (0.39) | 0.30 (0.64) | −0.22 (0.48) |
| [−0.30] | [−0.19] | [−0.45] | [−0.02] | [0.05] | [−0.13] | [−0.34] | [−0.60] | [−0.13] | [0.06] | [0.12] | [−0.10] | |
| Bar bans | 0.08 (0.20) | 0.13 (0.29) | 0.08 (0.26) | −0.17 (0.14) | −0.28 (0.19) | −0.01 (0.18) | −0.26 (0.36) | −0.31 (0.52) | −0.23 (0.48) | 0.19 (0.25) | 0.51 (0.37) | −0.13 (0.32) |
| [0.10] | [0.16] | [0.10] | [−0.22] | [−0.37] | [−0.01] | [−0.28] | [−0.33] | [−0.24] | [0.23] | [0.64] | [−0.16] | |
| Bar bans/belief interaction | −0.29 (0.24) | 0.10 (0.39) | −0.69** (0.29) | −0.01 (0.18) | 0.18 (0.29) | −0.14 (0.22) | −0.52 (0.38) | −1.26 (0.97) | −0.12 (0.44) | 0.06 (0.34) | 0.59 (0.55) | −0.42 (0.42) |
| [−0.11] | [0.03] | [−0.31] | [−0.00] | [0.06] | [−0.07] | [−0.20] | [−0.43] | [−0.05] | [0.02] | [0.20] | [−0.17] | |
| Restaurant bans | 0.30 (0.20) | 0.47 (0.29) | 0.16 (0.27) | 0.17 (0.24) | 0.37 (0.36) | 0.02 (0.32) | 0.10 (0.48) | 0.43 (0.71) | −0.27 (0.65) | 0.05 (0.45) | −0.33 (0.66) | 0.56 (0.61) |
| [0.45] | [0.72] | [0.23] | [0.25] | [0.55] | [0.03] | [0.14] | [0.57] | [−0.35] | [0.07] | [−0.53] | [0.87] | |
| Restaurant bans/belief interaction | −0.27 (0.28) | 0.15 (0.45) | −0.67* (0.34) | −0.07 (0.23) | 0.13 (0.37) | −0.16 (0.28) | −0.41 (0.46) | −1.41 (1.12) | 0.24 (0.55) | 0.00 0.59 | 0.62 (0.97) | −0.82 (0.75) |
| [−0.12] | [0.06] | [−0.36] | [−0.03] | [0.04] | [−0.09] | [−0.19] | [−0.60] | [0.12] | [0.00] | [0.27] | [−0.41] | |
| Antismoking messaging | 0.11 (0.21) | −0.16 (0.30) | 0.49* (0.28) | 0.38** (0.19) | 0.44 (0.28) | 0.36 (0.26) | 0.50** (0.24) | 0.38 (0.35) | 0.57* (0.32) | 0.29** (0.15) | 0.60*** (0.22) | −0.06 (0.20) |
| [0.28] | [−0.44] | [1.23] | [1.02] | [1.17] | [0.97] | [1.33] | [1.04] | [1.49] | [0.82] | [1.67] | [−0.17] | |
| Antismoking messaging/belief interaction | −0.56** (0.28) | −0.29 (0.47) | −0.98*** (0.35) | −0.11 (0.26) | 0.18 (0.42) | −0.33 (0.33) | −0.66*** (0.20) | −1.24*** (0.34) | −0.24 (0.26) | −0.05 (0.18) | 0.21 (0.29) | −0.27 (0.23) |
| [−0.45] | [−0.19] | [−0.93] | [−0.09] | [0.11] | [−0.34] | [−0.62] | [−1.06] | [−0.25] | [−0.04] | [0.16] | [−0.23] | |
| N | 4266 | 1786 | 2480 | 5060 | 2216 | 2844 | 4999 | 2194 | 2805 | 5451 | 2453 | 2998 |
Marginal estimates (β) are reported. Robust SEs are in parentheses. Elasticity estimates are in square brackets. Regressions were conducted separately for each tobacco control policy.
*0.05<p≤0.1, **0.01<p≤0.05, ***p≤0.01.