Percentage of smokers’ cigarette packs showing evidence of possible tax avoidance or evasion in Malaysia and Thailand
| Malaysia | Thailand | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wave 1 (January–March 2005) | Wave 2 (August 2006–June 2007) | Wave 3 (January–August 2008) | Wave 1 (January–March 2005) | Wave 2 (August 2006–June 2007) | Wave 3 (January–August 2008) | Wave 4 (April–November 2009) | ||||||||
| Source of information | Pack | Self-report | Pack | Self-report | Pack | Self-report | Pack | Self-report | Pack | Self-report | Pack | Self-report | Pack | Self-report |
| % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | % | |
| Health warnings | ||||||||||||||
| Non-standard warning labels | 3.5 | 3.4 | 7.6 | 3.7 | 8.1 | 1.0* | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.0 |
| No warning labels | 3.8 | 3.1 | 8.4* | 7.1 | 2.3* | 3.1 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 2.7 | 0.0 |
| Refused/don't know | NA | NA | 7.8 | 2.9 | 0.4*** | 2.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| n | 633 | 1048 | 379 | 871 | 957 | 498 | 260 | 754 | 31 | 829 | 211 | 784 | 299 | 618 |
| Tax stamps | ||||||||||||||
| No tax stamps or security ink | 9.2 | 9.2 | 13.7* | 10.0 | 39.7** | 14.3* | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Refused/don't know | NA | NA | 10.8 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 22.9*** | NA | NA | 0.0 | 0.7 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| n | 617 | 1035 | 376 | 880 | 374 | 248 | 260 | 754 | 31 | 828 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
n Represents the total number of valid responses per item (ie, the denominator). *, ** and ***: significant difference at 5%, 1% and 0.1% with previous time period. These should be interpreted with great caution as the number of comparisons is absurdly high.
NA, not applicable.