Association between smoking-related thoughts/microbehaviours and subsequent quit attempts—generalised estimating equations (GEE) modelling results
| % Making quit attempts | Individual predictor analysis† (7430 observations from 4532 individuals‡) | Intermediate step (7416 observations from 4524 individuals‡) | Fully adjusted analysis† (6861 observations from 4315 individuals‡) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | ||
| Thinking about harm to you | |||||||
| Never/don't know | 13.5 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Occasionally | 24.8 | 1.21 | 1.05 to 1.39* | 0.92 | 0.78 to 1.09 | 0.88 | 0.73 to 1.06 |
| Often | 37.6 | 1.77 | 1.53 to 2.06*** | 1.14 | 0.95 to 1.37 | 1.02 | 0.84 to 1.24 |
| Harm to others | |||||||
| Never/don't know | 16.4 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Occasionally | 24.8 | 1.19 | 1.03 to 1.37* | 1.02 | 0.87 to 1.21 | 1.03 | 0.86 to 1.22 |
| Often | 35.7 | 1.50 | 1.31 to 1.72*** | 0.99 | 0.83 to 1.18 | 0.97 | 0.80 to 1.16 |
| Cost of smoking | |||||||
| Never/don't know | 20.2 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Occasionally | 37.2 | 1.29 | 1.13 to 1.48*** | 1.05 | 0.91 to 1.21 | 0.99 | 0.85 to 1.15 |
| Often | 59.1 | 1.68 | 1.42 to 1.97*** | 1.12 | 0.94 to 1.34 | 1.16 | 0.95 to 1.40 |
| Seriously consider quitting | |||||||
| Never/don't know | 8.1 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Occasionally | 33.4 | 2.03 | 1.79 to 2.29*** | 1.83 | 1.60 to 2.09*** | 1.39 | 1.19 to 1.62*** |
| Often | 49.1 | 3.36 | 2.92 to 2.89*** | 2.67 | 2.27 to 3.14*** | 1.73 | 1.43 to 2.09*** |
| Butting out | |||||||
| No | 12.8 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Yes | 38.7 | 1.85 | 1.65 to 2.07*** | 1.43 | 1.27 to 1.62*** | 1.22 | 1.07 to 1.39** |
| Forgoing | |||||||
| Never | 16.7 | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| At least once | 42.9 | 1.67 | 1.47 to 1.91*** | 1.25 | 1.08 to 1.44** | 1.11 | 0.95 to 1.29 |
*Significant at p<0.05;**p<0.01;***p<0.001.
†In ‘individual indicator analysis’ only one smoking-related thought/microbehaviour variable (predictor variable) was included (controlled for city of residence, age, sex, ethnicity, marital status, highest level of education attained, annual household income, cohort and wave); in ‘intermediate step’, all predictor variable listed in the table were included (and controlled for all the covariates as in ‘individual predictor analysis’); whereas in ‘fully adjusted analysis’ we further added the following smoking-related variables: Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), self-efficacy of quitting, length of last serious quit attempt and intention to quit.
‡The number in some analyses was slightly less due to missing cases.
Ref, reference value.