Outcomes | |||
---|---|---|---|
Study | Cessation | Behavioural | |
1 | Awofeso et al, 200143 | + | NA |
2 | Clarke et al, 201344 | + | NA |
3 | Cropsey and Kristeller, 200531 | N | − |
4 | Cropsey et al, 200830 | + | NA |
5 | Etter et al, 201245 | + and − | NA |
6 | Howell et al, 201532 | N | NA |
7 | Jalali et al, 201533 | + | NA |
8 | Kauffman et al, 201134 | + and − | − |
9 | Lasnier et al, 201146 | + | − |
10 | Leone and Kinkade, 199447 | N | − |
11 | Lincoln et al, 200942 | + | NA |
12 | MacAskill et al, 200835 | + | − |
13 | Makris et al, 201236 | + | NA |
14 | Naik et al, 201437 | + | NA |
15 | Richmond et al, 20068 | + | NA |
16 | Richmond et al, 201338 | + (short term) | NA |
17 | Thibodeau et al, 201039 | + | NA |
18 | Turan and Turan 201648 | − | NA |
19 | Turner et al 201340 | NA | + |
20 | Voglewede and Noel 200441 | NA | NA |
NA, not applicable.
+, positive effect.
−, negative effect.
N, no effect.