Table 5

Multivariate analysis of risk perceptions of LCC flavour additives and flavoured LCC use among young and middle-aged adult current cigarette smokers, aged 18-44, USA (n=964)

Flavoured LCC use
Risk perceptions of flavour additivesTotalMalesFemalesWhiteBlackHispanic
Menthol
 As harmfulReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Less harmful2.42 (1.22 to 4.84)*2.67 (1.10 to 6.46)*2.44 (0.62 to 9.57)0.15 (0.01 to 3.26)4.76 (1.23 to 18.39)**2.14 (0.70 to 6.49)
 More harmful1.62 (1.08 to 2.44)*1.64 (0.96 to 2.80)2.18 (1.05 to 4.54)*0.34 (0.08 to 1.43)1.71 (0.72 to 4.04)3.43 (1.75 to 6.71)*
 Don't know1.24 (0.76 to 2.02)1.14 (0.58 to 2.25)1.12 (0.49 to 2.54)0.35 (0.08 to 1.53)1.11 (0.45 to 2.75)3.88 (1.54 to 9.73)**
Clove
 As harmfulReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Less harmful2.03 (1.04 to 3.98)*5.48 (2.12 to 14.15)**1.09 (0.33 to 3.64)–2.24 (0.65 to 7.72)5.87 (1.58 to 21.84)**
 More harmful1.65 (1.06 to 2.59)*1.50 (0.83 to 2.72)1.77 (0.80 to 3.90)0.48 (0.11 to 2.02)1.37 (0.56 to 3.38)2.05 (1.00 to 4.19)*
 Don't know1.15 (0.71 to 1.86)1.14 (0.58 to 2.20)0.91 (0.40 to 2.06)0.27 (0.06 to 1.18)2.31 (0.98 to 5.43)2.83 (1.10 to 7.27)*
Spice
 As harmfulReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Less harmful3.74 (1.87 to 7.48)**10.65 (3.75 to 30.24)***1.73 (0.48 to 6.25)–3.24 (0.86 to 12.24)–
 More harmful1.64 (1.05 to 2.57)*1.38 (0.76 to 2.51)1.98 (0.90 to 4.35)3.34 (1.00 to 11.15)*0.95 (0.40 to 2.25)2.27 (1.07 to 4.83)*
 Don't know1.18 (0.73 to 1.90)1.07 (0.55 to 2.08)1.00 (0.44 to 2.26)0.39 (0.09 to 1.63)2.03 (0.85 to 4.86)2.45 (0.96 to 6.28)
Candy
 As harmfulReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Less harmful0.90 (0.47 to 1.73)1.86 (0.76 to 4.54)0.36 (0.11 to 1.25)–1.01 (0.31 to 3.26)1.77 (0.5 to 6.26)
 More harmful1.39 (0.86 to 2.26)1.65 (0.90 to 3.06)0.82 (0.31 to 2.16)0.14 (0.01 to 3.13)1.51 (0.61 to 3.75)1.55 (0.69 to 3.47)
 Don't know0.67 (0.41 to 1.10)0.70 (0.35 to 1.40)0.59 (0.27 to 1.29)0.23 (0.05 to 1.00)1.05 (0.43 to 2.55)1.08 (0.45 to 2.59)
Fruit
 As harmfulReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Less harmful0.90 (0.48 to 1.67)1.62 (0.70 to 3.75)0.40 (0.13 to 1.24)–0.71 (0.22 to 2.32)2.18 (0.64 to 7.37)
 More harmful1.16 (0.73 to 1.83)1.45 (0.80 to 2.66)0.56 (0.22 to 1.41)0.09 (0.00 to 1.99)1.09 (0.43 to 2.76)1.09 (0.55 to 2.17)
 Don't know0.75 (0.45 to 1.24)0.67 (0.32 to 1.38)0.63 (0.28 to 1.42)0.22 (0.05 to 0.96)*0.81 (0.34 to 1.92)1.67 (0.63 to 4.44)
Chocolate
 As harmfulReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Less harmful1.80 (0.98 to 3.32)4.32 (1.83 to 10.22)**0.51 (0.15 to 1.67)–1.73 (0.57 to 5.20)5.71 (1.57 to 20.76)**
 More harmful1.35 (0.84 to 2.17)1.82 (0.98 to 3.38)0.67 (0.26 to 1.68)1.39 (0.38 to 5.09)1.11 (0.44 to 2.82)1.36 (0.63 to 2.93)
 Don't know1.25 (0.78 to 2.00)1.55 (0.82 to 2.95)0.69 (0.31 to 1.55)0.29 (0.07 to 1.28)1.04 (0.43 to 2.49)3.56 (1.49 to 8.50)**
Alcohol
 As harmfulReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
 Less harmful2.54 (1.19 to 5.41)*3.46 (1.26 to 9.52)*1.35 (0.30 to 6.04)–4.04 (0.98 to 16.68)–
 More harmful1.60 (1.04 to 2.47)*1.59 (0.89 to 2.84)1.80 (0.84 to 3.88)0.16 (0.02 to 1.35)1.34 (0.57 to 3.13)2.75 (1.35 to 5.63)**
 Don't know1.03 (0.64 to 1.67)0.91 (0.48 to 1.75)0.91 (0.40 to 2.07)0.21 (0.05 to 0.94)*1.19 (0.50 to 2.87)3.33 (1.35 to 8.22)**

  • All analyses used weighted data. Complex sampling procedures were used to adjust for sampling in all analyses.

  • The referent group for the risk perception variable is as harmful.

  • The referent group for the outcome, LCC use, is cigarette, non-LCC use.

  • Dashed lines represent no or inflated point estimates that resulted from models that had small subgroup sample sizes.

  • ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.

  • LCC, little cigar and cigarillo.