Population-level toxicant exposure stratified by single or dual tobacco use (%)
| Toxicant | Cigarette only | Waterpipe only | Dual cigarettes and waterpipe |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Plasma nicotine | 15.9 | 12.4 | 71.7 |
| 2. Expired carbon monoxide | 6.0 | 24.9 | 69.2 |
| 3. Tobacco-specific nitrosamines | |||
| NNK | 16.3 | 11.9 | 71.8 |
| 4. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons | |||
| Naphthalene | 15.6 | 12.8 | 71.6 |
| Fluorene (1-Fluor) | 18.7 | 8.9 | 72.4 |
| Fluorene (2-Fluor) | 17.7 | 10.2 | 72.2 |
| Fluorene (3-Fluor) | 19.7 | 7.6 | 72.7 |
| Phenanthrene | 11.2 | 18.3 | 70.5 |
| Pyrene | 10.0 | 19.8 | 70.2 |
| 5. Volatile organic chemicals | |||
| Ethylene oxide | 15.0 | 13.5 | 71.5 |
| Acrylonitrate | 20.6 | 6.5 | 72.9 |
| Acrolein | 23.0 | 3.5 | 73.5 |
| Propylene oxide | 14.5 | 14.1 | 71.4 |
| 1,3-Butadiene | 18.8 | 8.7 | 72.4 |
| Acrylamide | 13.0 | 16.0 | 71.0 |
| Benzene | 6.3 | 24.4 | 69.3 |
NNK, nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone.