Brief reportBlood nicotine, smoke exposure and tobacco withdrawal symptoms☆
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Cited by (36)
Orexin: A potential role in the process of obstructive sleep apnea
2013, PeptidesCitation Excerpt :Therefore, it was not strange that an increased sleep latency, time awake and a decrease in slow wave sleep as well as a reduced sleep efficiency was found in smokers [119,140] because of the strong function of activating arousal induced by increasing activity of orexin neurons. However, it was contradictory since a decreased sleep quality, frequent and extended awakenings as well as increased symptoms of depression were reported during complete nicotine abstinence [33–35]. This contradiction may be explained by rebound higher activity of orexin neurons caused by nicotine withdrawal [97].
Effects of nicotine on sleep during consumption, withdrawal and replacement therapy
2009, Sleep Medicine ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Persistent insomnia complaints were more common in subjects with subsequent relapse.39 Hatsukami et al.36 showed an association between nicotine plasma levels and the development of nicotine withdrawal symptoms and the time awake at night. Shiffman and colleagues38 found a similar relationship between withdrawal symptoms and nicotine exposure, observing a shorter TST, an increased amount of nocturnal awakenings and a decreased subjective sleep quality in smokers consuming more than 20 cigarettes per day before abstinence.
Outcome predictors in substance use disorders
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1994, Addictive Behaviors
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This research was supported by NIDA Research Grant No. DA-02988, and Grant No. RR-4400 from the Clinical Research Centers Program of the Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health.