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  • Criterion validity of measures of perceived relative harm of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco compared to cigarettes

    2017, Addictive Behaviors
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    Some studies suggest that U.S. adults tend to overestimate the harms of e-cigarettes and smokeless tobacco (SLT) compared to cigarettes, which may discourage smokers from switching to less harmful alternatives (Borland, Cooper, McNeill, O'Connor, & Cummings, 2011; Biener, Nyman, Stepanov, & Hatsukami, 2014; Kiviniemi & Kozlowski, 2015). Low perceptions of harm may also encourage uptake among non-users or prevent cessation among current users of products (Hughes, 1998; Kozlowski et al., 1998; Song et al., 2009). Due to practical and theoretical importance, harm beliefs are often the focus of public health research and educational campaigns, and are used to assess the impacts of marketing, advertising, and tobacco control policies (Borland et al., 2011; Biener et al., 2014; Chapman & Liberman, 2005; Choi & Forster, 2013; Hamilton et al., 2004; Kiviniemi & Kozlowski, 2015; Kozlowski, Goldberg, & Yost, 2000; Pearson, Richardson, Niaura, Vallone, & Abrams, 2012; Pepper, Emery, Ribisl, Rini, & Brewer, 2015; Slovic, 2000; Weinstein, 1998).

  • Smoking intensity and lipoprotein abnormalities in active smokers

    2009, Journal of Clinical Lipidology
    Citation Excerpt :

    Given that low HDL-C is associated with increased CVD risk, the adverse effect of smoking on HDL metabolism likely contributes to increased CVD risk seen among smokers. Complete smoking cessation is recommended to increase HDL-C and to reduce CVD risk6,10,11; however, reducing smoking as a “harm-reduction” strategy also has been advocated, although it is an unproven strategy for CVD risk reduction.21-25 Uncertainty about the potential benefits of harm reduction for cardiovascular and other diseases has led to calls from the Institute of Medicine and other groups for more research on the relationships between tobacco exposure and biomarkers of health risk.25,26

  • A preliminary placebo-controlled trial of selegiline hydrochloride for smoking cessation

    2003, Biological Psychiatry
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    While the treatment of nicotine dependence has been greatly improved with the widespread availability of nicotine replacement therapies and sustained-release bupropion (Hurt et al 1997; Jorenby et al 1999), not all tobacco users respond to these treatments. Thus, the development of novel and more efficacious pharmacotherapies for the treatment of nicotine dependence is of great importance, especially given that over 450,000 Americans continue to die each year from smoking-related medical illnesses (Hughes 1998; Hughes et al 1999). There is increasing evidence for a role of dopamine (DA) systems in the neurobiology of nicotine dependence.

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