It has become more commonplace to find that today's smokers fit into one of four target populations: (1) persons with a history of cessation failures; (2) persons with a history of other addictive disorders; (3) persons with smoking-related diseases; and (4) persons with a history of psychiatric impairment. This article addresses the need to expand and create a new methodology for smoking cessation to suit these patients. Interventions geared toward a tertiary level of treatment are offered. This article also examines treatment within the context of phase-specific interventions.