In 1996, the prevalence of cigarette smoking was added to the list of nationally notifiable health conditions reported by states to CDC. The addition of a health-related behavior to the list of diseases and illnesses reflected the recognized role of tobacco use as the leading preventable cause of death in the United States. This report summarizes the 1996 prevalence of current smoking among adults in 49 states and the District of Columbia and presents state-specific estimates of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure for children and adolescents residing in homes where adults smoke. The findings indicate that state-specific smoking prevalence among adults varied twofold and that approximately 15 million children and adolescents were exposed to ETS in their home.