Intestinal macrophages, which are thought to orchestrate mucosal inflammatory responses,
have received little investigative attention compared with macrophages from other tissues …

Excluding parenteral transmissions, virtually all vertical and homosexual transmission of
human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) occurs via the gastrointestinal tract. Cellular …

Abstract The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) for IgG, an MHC class I-related molecule, functions
to transport IgG across polarized epithelial cells and protect IgG from degradation. However …

Continuous human activity is to blame for releasing nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), an unhealthy
gas with an acidic nature and a pungent smell, into the atmosphere. The conventional …

The upper gastrointestinal tract is a principal route of HIV-1 entry in vertical transmission and
after oral–genital contact. The phenotype of the newly acquired virus is predominantly R5 …

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive malignant disease with poor
prognosis. Recent advances suggest the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within liver …

Humidity sensors with fast response, high accuracy and low-power consumption are critical
importance in smart home and health monitoring applications. Herein, we demonstrate an …

The lack of sensitive and specific biomarkers hinders pathological diagnosis and prognosis
for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since glutaminolysis plays a crucial role in …

On the development of flexible electronics, a highly flexible nonvolatile memory, which is an
important circuit component for the portability, is necessary. However, the flexibility of …

Energy transfer is ubiquitous during molecular collisions and reactions at gas–surface
interfaces. Of particular importance is vibrational energy transfer because of its relevance to …