Article Text
Abstract
Objective To examine the quality of tobacco industry-funded data on the illicit tobacco trade (ITT) through a systematic review of existing assessments of industry-funded data on ITT.
Data sources Papers and reports assessing tobacco industry-funded data on ITT were obtained via searches of 8 academic databases, Google searches and correspondence with ITT experts.
Study selection Inclusion criteria identified 35 English-language papers containing an original assessment of tobacco industry-funded data.
Data extraction Using a coding framework, information was extracted from the assessments regarding the quality of tobacco industry data. Documents were second-coded, achieving 94% intercoder reliability with all disagreements resolved.
Data synthesis Of the 35 assessments reviewed, 31 argued that tobacco industry estimates were higher than independent estimates. Criticisms identified problems with data collection (29), analytical methods (22) and presentation of results (21), which resulted in inflated ITT estimates or data on ITT that were presented in a misleading manner. Lack of transparency from data collection right through to presentation of findings was a key issue with insufficient information to allow replication of the findings frequently cited.
Conclusions Tobacco industry data on ITT are not reliable. At present, the tobacco industry continues to fund and disseminate ITT research through initiatives such as PMI IMPACT. If industry data on ITT cannot meet the standards of accuracy and transparency set by high-quality research publications, a solution may be to tax tobacco companies and administer the resulting funds to experts, independent of the tobacco industry, who use previously developed reliable models for measuring ITT.
- illegal tobacco products
- tobacco industry
- public policy
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Footnotes
Contributors ABG conceived the idea for the study and all authors participated in its design (eg, inclusion criteria, coding framework). AWAG collected data; AWAG, KAE-R and JLH coded data, and all authors contributed to data analysis. AWAG and KAE-R produced first draft and all authors edited.
Funding This work is supported by CRUK grant no. C50816/A25745. KAE-R and ABG (grant number C27260/A20488) and JLH (grant number C58487/A22731) are supported by Cancer Research UK ww.cancerresearchuk.org. AWAG, KAE-R, JLH and ABG are part of the UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies (grant no. MR/K023195/1), a UKCRC Public Health Research Centre of Excellence.
Disclaimer The opinions expressed are those of the authors alone.
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent Not required.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.