Footnotes

• Twitter @AlexCLiber

• Contributors ACL conceived the study, obtained the data, performed the data analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. CC, MP, DTL and MC guided the development of the analysis, the interpretation of the results and edited the final manuscript.

• Funding The purchase of this data was made possible by a grant from the Norwegian Cancer Society.

• Disclaimer The views expressed in this work are the authors and do not represent the views of the Norwegian Cancer Society, The Polish Ministry of Health or NielsenIQ. The authors’ analyses and calculations are based in part on data reported by NielsenIQ through its Retail Measurement Service for the Cigarettes, Tobacco, E-cigarettes, Heated Tobacco categories for the 12-month period ending April 2021, for the Total Poland market and Warsaw City, Central, West, East, North, South, South-East, South-West regions (cigarettes and tobacco categories only). Copyright 2021, Nielsen Consumer. The conclusions drawn from the NielsenIQ data are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of NielsenIQ. NielsenIQ is not responsible for and had no role and was not involved in analysing and preparing the results reported herein, including without limitation, any adjustments on pricing for inflation.

• Competing interests MC has served on advisory committees for Pfizer to assist them in ways to promote access to smoking cessation treatments. He has also served as a paid expert witness in litigation filed against the tobacco industry. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.