Footnotes

• Contributors RB and MLG conceptualised and designed the study, drafted the initial manuscript and reviewed and revised the manuscript. CRM, AE and JT collected data, carried out the initial analyses and reviewed and revised the manuscript. All authors approved the final manuscript as submitted and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

• Funding This study was funded by an Intramural Research Grant Award to RB from Department of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine and Stony Brook Children’s Hospital, New York. Laboratory testing of nicotine products was supported by NIH grant NCI P30CA16056.

• Disclaimer The policy implications written in this manuscript are the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the other members of the Committee, the NASEM or the FDA.

• Competing interests MLG has received fees for serving on an advisory board to Johnson & Johnson and research grant support from Pfizer. MLG was a member of the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) Committee on the Review of the Health Effects of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and contributed to the writing of the NASEM report.

• Patient consent Not required.

• Ethics approval The study was approved by Stony Brooke University IRB.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.