PT  - JOURNAL ARTICLE
AU  - Nuan Ping Cheah
AU  - Norman Wee Lin Chong
AU  - Jing Tan
AU  - Faridatul Akmam Morsed
AU  - Shen Kuan Yee
TI  - Electronic nicotine delivery systems: regulatory and safety challenges: Singapore perspective
AID  - 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050483
DP  - 2014 Mar 01
TA  - Tobacco Control
PG  - 119--125
VI  - 23
IP  - 2
4099  - http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/23/2/119.short
4100  - http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/23/2/119.full
SO  - Tob Control2014 Mar 01; 23
AB  - Objective Many electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) are marketed as safer tobacco alternative products or effective cessation therapies. ENDS samples were evaluated for design features, including nicotine and glycols content. This could be useful in developing a legal framework to handle ENDS. Methods Identification of the nicotine, glycerol and propylene glycol (PPG) contents was conducted using gas chromatography mass spectrometry with quantification performed using flame ionisation techniques. Results Varying nicotine amounts were found in ENDS cartridges which were labelled with the same concentration. Chemicals such as PPG and glycerol were found to be present in the nicotine-containing liquid of the cartridges. ENDS varied in their contents and packaging information. Limited information was available on the contents of nicotine and other chemicals present in a variety of ENDS sampled. Conclusions Based on samples tested in this study, many contain misleading information on product ingredients. The results show poor consistency between actual nicotine content analysed on ENDS cartridges and the amount labelled. These findings raise safety and efficacy concerns for current and would-be recreational users or those trying to quit smoking.