TY - JOUR T1 - Regulating the local availability of tobacco retailing in Madrid, Spain: a GIS study to evaluate compliance JF - Tobacco Control JO - Tob Control SP - 325 LP - 333 DO - 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054269 VL - 28 IS - 3 AU - Roberto Valiente AU - Xisca Sureda AU - Usama Bilal AU - Ana Navas-Acien AU - Jamie Pearce AU - Manuel Franco AU - Francisco Escobar Y1 - 2019/05/01 UR - http://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/28/3/325.abstract N2 - Background In Spain, tobacco sales are limited to tobacco-exclusive stores and associated vending machines. A minimum of 150 m between stores is required, unless they exceed a legal sales threshold. Minimum distances to schools are recommended but not defined. We evaluated compliance with these regulations in Madrid, Spain.Methods Information about tobacco-exclusive stores and their sales volume was obtained in 2014. We used geographic information system to identify stores closer than 150 m between them and examine whether they exceeded the sales threshold. We estimated distances between stores and schools, considering different distance intervals (<150 m, 150–300 m and >300 m) and calculations (crow flies and street network). We assessed the association of area-level demographic and socioeconomic characteristics with the distribution of tobacco stores.Results 5.3% (34/638) of tobacco stores were within 150 m of each other. Among those, 76% (26/34) did not meet the regulation sales threshold. These stores were in areas with lower proportion of young population (<15 years) and higher proportion of people with university-level education. 75% (476/638) of stores were situated closer than 300 m to schools. No differences were identified in sociodemographic and economic characteristics by the store distance to schools.Conclusion Most tobacco stores are compliant with the regulations in Spain. However, these regulations are insufficient to reduce tobacco availability. More restrictive regulations are needed to limit the geographic distribution of tobacco retailers, and health criteria should also be considered in the current legislation. The evaluation of the Spanish regulatory model may provide useful insights for other jurisdictions looking to decrease the tobacco retail availability. ER -