Compliance measures
|
Expired air CO* | 37.1 | <0.01 | 9.4 | <0.01 | 14.0 | <0.01 |
Semi-quantitative cotinine† | 45.5 | <0.01 | 27.6 | <0.01 | 27.7 | <0.01 |
Main outcome measures
|
Subjective withdrawal* |
Urges to smoke | 2.3 | NS | <1.0 | NS | 1.6 | NS |
Irritability/frustration/anger | 3.2 | NS | 1.3 | NS | 2.7 | <0.05 |
Anxious | 6.1 | <0.01 | <1.0 | NS | 1.5 | NS |
Difficulty concentrating | 6.2 | <0.01 | 1.8 | NS | <1.0 | NS |
Restlessness | 2.7 | NS | <1.0 | NS | 1.7 | NS |
Hunger | 4.1 | <0.05 | <1.0 | NS | 1.7 | NS |
Impatient | 6.9 | <0.01 | 1.7 | NS | 1.0 | NS |
CRAVING a cigarette/nicotine | 3.7 | NS | 1.4 | NS | 1.5 | NS |
Insomnia/disturbed sleep | <1.0 | NS | <1.0 | NS | 1.4 | NS |
Increased eating | 9.5 | <0.01 | 4.2 | <0.01 | 3.7 | <0.01 |
Drowsiness | 2.0 | NS | 3.2 | <0.05 | 1.3 | NS |
Depression/feeling blue | 5.9 | <0.01 | 1.5 | NS | 1.1 | NS |
Desire for sweets | 4.5 | <0.05 | 2.1 | NS | 4.2 | <0.01 |
QSU factor 1 | 6.4 | <0.05 | 1.0 | NS | <1.0 | NS |
QSU factor 2 | 9.8 | <0.01 | 1.6 | NS | 3.5 | <0.01 |
Physiological measures* |
Heart rate | 15.0 | <0.001 | 2.8 | <0.05 | 3.6 | <0.01 |
Skin temperature | <1.0 | NS | <1.0 | NS | <1.0 | NS |
Quantitative cotinine (GC/MS)† | 15.9 | <0.001 | 3.4 | NS | 21.1 | <0.001 |
NNAL (LC-MS/MS)† | 11.5 | <0.001 | 6.2 | <0.05 | 3.7 | <0.05 |
Puff topography‡ |
Puff volume | 2.9 | NS | <1.0 | NS | <1.0 | NS |
Puff duration | 1.9 | NS | 1.1 | NS | <1.0 | NS |
Interpuff interval | 2.5 | NS | 1.0 | NS | <1.0 | NS |
Number of puffs | 8.5 | <0.05 | <1.0 | NS | 2.1 | NS |