Unadjusted prevalence rates and odds ratios derived from bivariate (unadjusted) and multivariate logistic regression (adjusted) for tobacco smoking
| Variable (reference group) | Men | Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence (%) | Odds ratio | Prevalence (%) | Odds ratio | |||||
| % | 95% CI | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | % | 95% CI | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | |
| *p<0.05; **p<0.001. | ||||||||
| CI, confidence intervals; OR, odds ratios; RC, reference category. | ||||||||
| †25 dummy variables representing state of residence were also included in the multivariate regression model to adjust for the state of residence (results not shown in the table). | ||||||||
| Age (RC = 15–24 years) | 8.6 | 8.2 to 9.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.4 | 0.3 to 0.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–39 | 32.8 | 32.2 to 33.6 | 5.19** | 5.51** | 1.7 | 1.6 to 1.9 | 4.73** | 4.08** |
| 40–59 | 45.1 | 44.2 to 46.0 | 8.72** | 9.23** | 4.7 | 4.4 to 5.1 | 13.2** | 11.76** |
| 60+ | 38.1 | 37.1 to 39.1 | 6.53** | 5.54** | 5.2 | 4.8 to 5.7 | 14.7** | 12.95** |
| Residence (RC = urban) | 21.4 | 20.6 to 22.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.8 | 0.7 to 1.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | 32.5 | 31.9 to 33.0 | 1.77** | 0.98 | 3.0 | 2.8 to 3.2 | 3.63** | 1.22 |
| Household wealth (RC = richest 20%) | 16.0 | 15.4 to 16.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.5 | 0.4 to 0.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2nd richest | 25.7 | 25.0 to 26.4 | 1.82** | 1.53** | 1.3 | 1.2 to 1.4 | 2.51** | 1.57** |
| Middle | 31.6 | 30.8 to 32.4 | 2.42** | 1.94** | 2.4 | 2.1 to 2.6 | 4.61** | 2.68** |
| 2nd poorest | 36.4 | 35.5 to 37.3 | 3.00** | 2.11** | 3.3 | 3.0 to 3.7 | 6.57** | 3.26** |
| Poorest 20% | 39.8 | 38.7 to 40.9 | 3.47** | 2.26** | 4.9 | 4.5 to 5.3 | 9.85** | 4.32** |
| Years of schooling (RC = 11+ years) | 12.8 | 12.3 to 13.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 0.1 | 0.1 to 0.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 6–10 years | 22.3 | 21.8 to 22.8 | 1.95** | 1.84** | 0.3 | 0.2 to 0.3 | 2.71* | 1.73 |
| 1–5 years | 36.9 | 36.1 to 37.7 | 3.97** | 2.72** | 0.9 | 0.8 to 1.1 | 8.83** | 2.82* |
| No education | 45.3 | 44.5 to 46.1 | 5.62** | 3.17** | 4.1 | 3.9 to 4.4 | 40.6** | 6.25** |
| Caste (R = forward caste) | 25.6 | 24.8 to 26.4 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.7 | 1.5 to 1.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Scheduled caste | 35.2 | 34.3 to 36.1 | 1.58** | 1.20** | 3.4 | 3.0 to 3.8 | 2.05** | 1.34** |
| Scheduled tribe | 34.4 | 32.4 to 36.5 | 1.53** | 1.05 | 3.9 | 3.3 to 4.5 | 2.37** | 1.49* |
| Other backward castes | 28.1 | 27.3 to 28.8 | 1.14** | 1.01 | 2.3 | 2.1 to 2.6 | 1.4** | 1.09 |
| Religion (RC = Hindu) | 29.5 | 29.0 to 30.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 2.4 | 2.2 to 2.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Muslim | 32.0 | 30.5 to 33.5 | 1.12* | 1.10* | 2.7 | 2.3 to 3.1 | 1.1 | 1.14 |
| Christian | 31.3 | 5.2 to 7.6 | 1.09 | 1.02 | 0.1 | .01 to 0.2 | 1.3 | 1.10 |
| Sikh | 6.3 | 29.3 to 33.4 | 0.16** | 0.15** | 3.1 | 2.5 to 3.9 | 0.02** | 0.05** |
| Other | 19.4 | 16.7 to 22.5 | 0.57** | 0.89 | 1.7 | 1.1 to 2.6 | 0.71 | 0.79 |