Unadjusted prevalence rates and odds ratios derived from bivariate (unadjusted) and multivariate logistic regression (adjusted) for chewing of tobacco
| Variable (reference group) | Men | Women | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence | Odds ratio | Prevalence | Odds ratio | |||||
| % | 95% CI | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | % | 95% CI | Unadjusted | Adjusted† | |
| *p<0.05; **p<0.001. | ||||||||
| CI, 95% confidence intervals; OR, odds ratios; RC, reference category. | ||||||||
| †25 dummy variables representing state of residence were also included in the multivariate regression model to adjust for the state of residence (results not shown in the table). | ||||||||
| Age (RC = 15–24 years) | 4.4 | 4.2 to 4.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 14.3 | 13.8 to 14.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25–39 | 17.2 | 16.8 to 17.6 | 2.77** | 3.10** | 31.6 | 30.9 to 32.3 | 3.65** | 3.26** |
| 40–59 | 25.7 | 25.2 to 26.2 | 3.27** | 3.72** | 35.3 | 34.5 to 36.1 | 8.03** | 7.17** |
| 60+ | 22.4 | 21.7 to 23.0 | 3.58** | 3.71** | 37.4 | 36.3 to 38.5 | 10.40** | 8.47** |
| Residence (RC = urban) | 20.7 | 19.7 to 21.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 8.6 | 7.9 to 9.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Rural | 31.1 | 30.4 to 31.8 | 1.73** | 0.97 | 13.3 | 12.8 to 13.8 | 1.63** | 0.87* |
| Household wealth (RC = richest 20%) | 16.4 | 15.6 to 17.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 4.8 | 4.5 to 5.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 2nd richest | 22.8 | 22.0 to 23.7 | 1.51** | 1.40** | 9.3 | 8.7 to 9.8 | 2.02** | 1.52** |
| Middle | 28.1 | 27.3 to 28.9 | 1.99** | 1.55** | 12.6 | 12.0 to 13.2 | 2.85** | 1.92** |
| 2nd poorest | 34.4 | 33.4 to 35.4 | 2.68** | 1.69** | 15.6 | 14.4 to 15.9 | 3.53** | 2.15** |
| Poorest 20% | 41.9 | 40.7 to 43.2 | 3.69** | 1.93** | 19.6 | 18.7 to 20.6 | 4.84** | 2.58** |
| Years of schooling (RC = 11+ years) | 16.9 | 16.2 to 17.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.6 | 1.3 to 1.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 6–10 years | 23.7 | 23.1 to 24.3 | 1.52** | 1.48** | 4.3 | 4.0 to 4.6 | 2.82** | 2.05** |
| 1–5 years | 33.0 | 32.1 to 33.9 | 2.42** | 1.86** | 11.5 | 10.8 to 12.1 | 8.16** | 3.81** |
| No education | 38.6 | 37.6 to 39.6 | 3.08** | 1.92** | 17.2 | 16.6 to 17.8 | 13.10** | 4.97** |
| Caste (RC = forward caste) | 24.2 | 23.4 to 25.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 9.5 | 8.9 to 10.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Scheduled caste | 30.4 | 29.1 to 31.8 | 1.37** | 1.12* | 14.6 | 13.7 to 15.5 | 1.62** | 1.34** |
| Scheduled tribe | 41.1 | 39.1 to 43.1 | 2.18** | 1.23** | 20.8 | 19.2 to 22.4 | 2.49** | 1.43** |
| Other backward castes | 28.3 | 27.2 to 29.4 | 1.24** | 1.07* | 10.8 | 10.1 to 11.4 | 1.14* | 1.01 |
| Religion (RC = Hindu) | 29.1 | 28.6 to 29.7 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 12.0 | 11.5 to 12.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Muslim | 25.5 | 24.0 to 27.1 | 0.83** | 0.90* | 13.0 | 12.1 to 14.0 | 1.10* | 1.52** |
| Christian | 9.3 | 8.0 to 10.8 | 0.57** | 0.85* | 0.1 | 0.04 to 0.3 | 0.96 | 0.76* |
| Sikh | 19.1 | 17.0 to 21.4 | 0.25** | 0.70* | 11.5 | 10.1 to 13.2 | 0.01** | 0.08** |
| Other | 31.5 | 27.6 to 35.7 | 1.12 | 0.98 | 18.4 | 15.3 to 21.9 | 1.66** | 1.22 |