Studies using subjective measures to assess the economic impact of smoke-free policies in the hospitality industry
| No effect or positive effect | Negative effect | |
|---|---|---|
| Bold type = peer reviewed; underline = study based on estimates of predicted changes rather than estimates of actual changes. | ||
| *Not a random survey. | ||
| †Only weak evidence of connection with the tobacco industry. | ||
| ‡Control for economic trends. | ||
| Studies funded from sources other than the tobacco industry | ||
| Public self reported intentions or actual patronage of restaurants/bars | Allen and Markham (2001)100; August (2000)62; Biener and Fitzgerald (1999)63; Biener and Siegel (1997)64; Corsun et al(1996)65; Decima Research (2001)67; Decima Research (2002)32; Dresser et al (1999)39; Field Research (1998)70; Field Research (1997)69; Hyland and Cummings (1999)71; Lam (1995)73; McGhee 2002 24; Miller and Kriven (2002)28; Miller and Kriven (2002)26; Shapiro 2001112; Styring (2001)29; Wakefield et al1999101 | |
| Proprietor predictions/ perceptions of sales changes | Allen and Markham (2001)100; Cremieux and Oulette (2001)66; Dresser et al (1999)39; Edwards (2000)68; Huron County Health Unit 1999111; Hyland and Cummings(1999)72‡; Jones et al (1999)115; Markham and Tong (2001)74; Parry et al (2001)78; Sciacca and Eckram (1993)75; Sciacca (1996)76; Stanwick (1998)77; The Conference Board of Canada (1996)79; Yorkshire Ash (2001)102 | |
| Proprietor predictions/perceptions of cost | Cremieux and Oulette (2001)66; The Conference Board of Canada (1996)79; Douglas County CHIP (2001)110 | |
| Estimated numbers of overseas visitors | Hodges and Maskill (2001) 109 | |
| Studies for which funding source is unknown | ||
| Proprietor predictions/ perceptions of sales changes | Economists Advisory Group (1998)105; Pubco (2001)99; The Publican (2001)106 | |
| Studies conducted by organisations or consultants with some links to the tobacco industry around the time of the study | ||
| Proprietor predictions/ perceptions of sales changes | Masotti et al (1991)18† | CCG 1996104; Charlton Research (1994)83 |
| Studies funded by tobacco companies or industry groups supported by the tobacco industry | ||
| Public self reported intentions or actual patronage of restaurants/bars | Auspoll (2000)19; Decima research (1988)20 | Fabrizio et al (1995)107; KPMG Barents (1997)23; Marlow (1999)87; National Restaurant Association (1993)91; Sollarset al(1999)95 |
| Public self reported spending/time spent | Fabrizio et al (1995)107; Martin Associates (1999)89 | |
| Proprietor predictions/ perceptions of sales changes | Advantage Marketing Info (1997)80; Applied Economics (1996)81; CCG 1995103; Chamberlain Research Consultants (1998)82; Dunham and Marlow (2000)84; EMRS 2001 114; Fabrizio et al (1996)108; Gambee (1991)85; KPMG Peat Marwick (1998)86; KPMG (2001)31; Marlow (1999)87; Marlow (1998)88; Mason-Dixon Market Research (1996)90; Price Waterhouse LLP (1993)93; Price Waterhouse LLP (1995)92; Roper Starch (1996)94; The Craig Group Inc (1998)96; The Eppstein Group (1997)97 | |
| Proprietor estimates of impact on employment | Advantage Marketing Info (1997)80; Applied Economics (1996)81; Fabrizio et al (1996)108; Marlow (1998)88; Price Waterhouse LLP (1993)93; Roper Starch (1996)94; Sollarset al(1999)95; Chamberlain Research Consultants (1998)82; The Eppstein Group (1997)97 | |
| Proprietor predictions/perceptions of cost | Sollars et al (1999) 95 | |