Financial ties between Enstrom, Kabat and the tobacco industry
| Year | Enstrom | Kabat |
|---|---|---|
| 1975 | First record of Enstrom approaching the tobacco industry for funding. Enstrom asks the Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) to fund a study of cancer among Mormons living in the USA | |
| 1978 | Enstrom submits another request for funding to CTR for a study entitled “Smoking cessation and mortality trends among California physicians” | |
| 1979 | Enstrom publishes a review article that provokes criticism from the tobacco industry | |
| 1981 | Kabat begins collaborations with Ernst Wynder, whose American Health Foundation (AHF) was tobacco industry funded. Tobacco industry support was not acknowledged in subsequent publications | |
| 1990 | The tobacco industry initiates contact with Enstrom to critique research on secondhand tobacco smoke. Enstrom declines to comment | |
| 1990 | Enstrom requests funding from Philip Morris for a study to support his work on lung cancer mortality trends among non-smokers. Enstrom is advised to seek funding from the Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR) | |
| 1991 | Enstrom submits a pre-proposal to the Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) for a study entitled “Mortality Trends Among Smokers and Nonsmokers Study” | |
| 1991–7 | CTR funds the “Mortality Trends Among Smokers and Nonsmokers Study” | |
| 1996 | Enstrom submits to the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) a reanalysis of an article by Elizabeth Fontham, et al. This reanalysis was financially supported by the tobacco industry. | |
| 1997 | Enstrom submits a proposal entitled “Relationship of low levels of active smoking to mortality” for funding to Philip Morris. The proposal is funded | Kabat co-authors a paper with tobacco industry consultants that criticises the evidence linking secondhand smoke with lung cancer |
| 1996 | Enstrom submits pre-proposals to the tobacco industry’s CIAR to explore the possibility of funding research related to secondhand smoke using the California CPS-I cohort | |
| 1997 May | CIAR board of directors is informed that discussions had taken place with Enstrom and Kabat about “the possibility of their collaboration” | |
| 1997 November | Max Eisenberg, director of CIAR, recommends that Enstrom’s revised proposal, “Proposed research on passive smoking”, be considered under the Directed Studies programme | |
| 1997 November | The CIAR board of directors votes to fund Enstrom’s proposal with modifications |